Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Cardiology
Tags: bw-mnemonics cardiac

Acronym: C BIG K
Title: Hyperkalemia Emergency Treatment
System: cardiac
Emoji: ⚡
Path: ? C
. Calcium gluconate (protect SA node)
? B
. Bicarbonate (alkalosis shifts K in)
? I
. Insulin (pushes K into cells)
? G
. Glucose (prevents hypoglycemia with insulin)
? K
. Kayexalate (pulls K from GI)
? Note
. Critical if K > 6.5 or EKG changes
? Note
. Also: hemodialysis, albuterol
? Note
. Peaked T waves = first EKG sign

Acronym: Stasis + Hypercoagulability + Endothelial Injury
Title: Virchow's Triad
System: cardiac
Emoji: 🔻
Path: ? Stasis
. 🛏️ #1 cause of VENOUS thrombosis (DVT)
? Hypercoagulability
. 🧬 Factor V Leiden, malignancy, pregnancy
? Endothelial Injury
. 🩸 #1 cause of ARTERIAL thrombosis
? Note
. #1 venous = stasis
? Note
. #1 arterial = endothelial injury
? Note
. All three synergistic

Acronym: Right-Sided = Inspiration; Left-Sided = Expiration
Title: Heart Sound Respiratory Variation
System: cardiac
Emoji: 🫀
Path: ? Right
. 🌬️ Increase on Inspiration (more venous return to right heart)
? Left
. 😤 Increase on Expiration (more blood to left heart)
? Note
. Tricuspid/pulmonic louder with inspiration
? Note
. Mitral/aortic louder with expiration
? Note
. Exception: HCM and MVP increase with decreased preload

Acronym: VSD > ASD > PDA > Coarctation
Title: Congenital Heart Disease Frequency
System: cardiac
Emoji: 💙
Path: ? VSD
. 1 Most common overall CHD
? ASD
. 2 Often asymptomatic until adulthood
? PDA
. 3 Kept open by PGE1, closed by indomethacin
? Coarctation
. 4 Associated with Turner, bicuspid aortic valve
? Note
. VSD: most close spontaneously (muscular type)
? Note
. Most common CYANOTIC = Tetralogy of Fallot
? Note
. ASD: most common presenting in adulthood

Acronym: BP = SV x HR x TPR: Volume=Diuretics, Rate=Beta-blockers, Resistance=Elderly
Title: Targeted Antihypertensive Therapy
System: cardiac
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? Volume
. 💧 Diuretics for Black/Hispanic (salt-sensitive HTN)
? Rate
. 💓 Beta-blockers for White patients (stress-related)
? Resistance
. 🧓 ACE-I/ARBs/CCBs for Elderly (stiff vessels)
? Note
. Black patients: lower renin, respond to diuretics + CCBs
? Note
. ACE-I can cause angioedema (higher risk Black patients)
? Note
. Thiazides first-line for most uncomplicated HTN

Acronym: EKG Wave Components
Title: What each wave represents
System: cardiac
Emoji: 📊
Path: ? P wave
. 🔵 Atrial depolarization; Ca2+ in; Phase 0
? PR segment
. 🔵 AV node pause; atrial contraction; Phase 2
? QRS complex
. 🔴 Ventricular depolarization; Na+ in; Q=septum, R=anterior, S=posterior
? ST segment
. 🔴 Ventricular contraction; Ca2+ in; Phase 2
? T wave
. 🟡 Ventricular repolarization; K+ out; Phase 3
? U wave
. 🟡 Ventricular automaticity; Na/Ca exchange

Acronym: 3 Degrees of Heart Block
Title: AV conduction defects
System: cardiac
Emoji: ❤️
Path: ? 1st degree
. 📏 Fixed prolonged PR interval; no treatment; resolves with exercise
? 2nd degree Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
. 📏 Progressive PR lengthening until dropped QRS; early AV ischemia
? 2nd degree Mobitz II
. 📏 Normal PR with erratically dropped QRS; late AV ischemia
? 3rd degree
. 📏 Complete AV dissociation; P waves and QRS unrelated; emergent pacemaker

Acronym: Ventricular Arrhythmia Treatment
Title: Management protocol
System: cardiac
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? Stable V-tach
. 💊 Sodium channel blocker (lidocaine)
? Unstable V-tach
. ⚡ Shock 360J synchronized, then lidocaine, shock, amiodarone
? V-fib
. ⚡ Epinephrine/DDAVP, shock 360J, lidocaine, shock, amiodarone

Acronym: Atrial Arrhythmia Treatment Steps
Title: Management protocol
System: cardiac
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? Oxygen
. 1️⃣ First step
? Adenosine
. 2️⃣ Slows AV conduction
? Calcium channel blocker
. 3️⃣ Verapamil, diltiazem
? Beta blocker
. 4️⃣ Rate control
? Potassium channel blocker
. 5️⃣ Rhythm control
? Digitalis
. 6️⃣ Last line

Acronym: Hypokalemia EKG Progression
Title: K+ dropping signs
System: cardiac
Emoji: 📊
Path: ? Narrow T waves
. 📉 Early sign
? Flat T waves
. 📉 Progressing
? Flipped/inverted T waves
. 📉 Worsening
? U wave
. 📉 Classic finding of hypokalemia

Acronym: CHA2DS2-VASc Score
Title: A-fib stroke risk and warfarin decision
System: cardiac
Emoji: 🩸
Path: ? CHF
. 1️⃣ 1 point
? HTN (uncontrolled)
. 1️⃣ 1 point
? Age 70-75
. 1️⃣ 1 point
? Age >75
. 2️⃣ 2 points
? DM (uncontrolled)
. 1️⃣ 1 point
? Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism
. 2️⃣ 2 points
? Vascular disease
. 1️⃣ 1 point
? Sex category (female/estrogen)
. 1️⃣ 1 point