Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Pediatrics
Tags: bw-mnemonics peds

Acronym: APGAR
Title: Newborn Scoring
System: peds
Emoji: 👶
Path: ? A
. Appearance (skin color)
? P
. Pulse (heart rate)
? G
. Grimace (reflex irritability)
? A
. Activity (muscle tone)
? R
. Respiration (breathing effort)
? Note
. Score 0-2 each, at 1 and 5 min
? Note
. 7-10 = normal
? Note
. Under 4 = immediate intervention

Acronym: WAGR
Title: Wilms Tumor Complex
System: peds
Emoji: 🫘
Path: ? W
. Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma)
? A
. Aniridia (no iris)
? G
. Genitourinary anomalies
? R
. Mental Retardation
? Note
. Flank mass in child
? Note
. Chromosome 11 deletion
? Note
. Do NOT biopsy (risk of seeding)

Acronym: TAPM
Title: Female Puberty Sequence
System: peds
Emoji: 👧
Path: ? T
. Thelarche (breast buds first)
? A
. Adrenarche (adrenal androgens)
? P
. Pubarche (pubic hair)
? M
. Menarche (periods last)
? Note
. Out of sequence = abnormal
? Note
. Precocious = before age 8
? Note
. Thelarche always first

Acronym: Erb = C5-C6 Waiter's Tip; Klumpke = C8-T1 Claw Hand
Title: Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries
System: peds
Emoji: 🤚
Path: ? Erb-Duchenne
. 🍽️ C5-C6: arm hangs, internally rotated, pronated (waiter tip)
? Klumpke
. 🦞 C8-T1: intrinsic hand muscles paralyzed (claw hand)
? Note
. Erb = upper trunk, lateral traction during delivery
? Note
. Klumpke = lower trunk, arm yanked above (breech)
? Note
. Both temporary: peripheral nerves regenerate 1mm/day

Acronym: 1 cup, 2 shoulders, 3 tricycle, 4 square, 5 star
Title: Developmental Milestones by Number
System: peds
Emoji: 🧒
Path: ? 1 year
. 🥤 1 cup, 1 word, 1 step
? 2 months
. 💪 2 shoulders lifted (head up prone)
? 3 years
. 🚲 Tricycle, 3-word sentences
? 4 years
. ⬜ Square, hops on one foot
? 5 years
. ⭐ Star, skips, ties shoes
? Note
. Number = age AND skill matches
? Note
. Delay in 2+ domains = global delay
? Note
. Cruise at 8-10 months

Acronym: Infant of Diabetic Mother: Macrosomia → HypoGlycemia → HypoCa → Cardiomegaly → RDS → Sacral Agenesis
Title: Sequential Complications
System: peds
Emoji: 👶
Path: ? Macrosomia
. 🍼 Large baby from fetal hyperinsulinemia
? 1st 24h
. 📉 Hypoglycemia (insulin persists, no glucose supply)
? 2nd 24h
. 🦴 Hypocalcemia (functional hypoparathyroidism)
? Cardiomegaly
. ❤️ Septal hypertrophy (insulin-driven)
? RDS
. 🫁 Insulin inhibits surfactant production
? Sacral Agenesis
. 🦴 Caudal regression: PATHOGNOMONIC for maternal DM
? Note
. Sequence is temporal: macro → glucose → calcium → structural
? Note
. Sacral agenesis = most specific finding
? Note
. Shoulder dystocia = delivery complication of macrosomia