Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Endocrinology
Tags: bw-mnemonics endocrine

Acronym: Rule of 10's
Title: Pheochromocytoma
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🎯
Path: ? 10%
. Malignant
? 10%
. Bilateral
? 10%
. In children
? 10%
. Familial
? 10%
. Metastatic at diagnosis
? Note
. Therefore 90% = benign, unilateral, adults
? Note
. Diagnose: 24hr urine metanephrines
? Note
. Treat: alpha-block BEFORE beta-block

Acronym: MEN 1 / 2a / 2b
Title: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🧬
Path: ? 1
. Pituitary + Pancreas + Parathyroid (Werner)
? 2a
. Medullary Thyroid + Pheo + Parathyroid (Sipple)
? 2b
. Medullary Thyroid + Pheo + Marfanoid/Neuromas
? Note
. All autosomal dominant
? Note
. MEN 2/3 = RET proto-oncogene
? Note
. Prophylactic thyroidectomy in carriers

Acronym: Stress Hormone Order: Epi (immediate) → Glucagon (20min) → Cortisol (2-4h) → GH (24h)
Title: Stress Response Timeline
System: endocrine
Emoji: ⏱️
Path: ? Epinephrine
. ⚡ Immediate: adrenal medulla, fight-or-flight
? Glucagon
. 🔶 20 minutes: pancreatic alpha cells
? Cortisol
. 🕐 2-4 hours: adrenal cortex via ACTH
? Growth Hormone
. 🌙 24 hours: anterior pituitary
? Note
. Epi = instant glycogenolysis
? Note
. Cortisol = sustained stress, gluconeogenesis
? Note
. GH = long-term adaptation, lipolysis

Acronym: Adrenal Cortex: GFR = Salt (Aldo), Sugar (Cortisol), Sex (Testosterone)
Title: Adrenal Cortex Layers
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🎯
Path: ? Glomerulosa
. 🧂 Aldosterone: salt/water balance (outermost)
? Fasciculata
. 🍬 Cortisol: sugar/stress (middle, largest)
? Reticularis
. 💪 Testosterone/DHEA: sex hormones (innermost)
? Note
. GFR = Salt, Sugar, Sex (from out to in)
? Note
. Glomerulosa regulated by RAAS, not ACTH
? Note
. Fasciculata and reticularis regulated by ACTH

Acronym: ACE-I end in "-pril" (contain sulfur); ARBs end in "-sartan" (no sulfur)
Title: Drug Class Recognition
System: endocrine
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? ACE-I
. 💊 "-pril": Lisinopril, Enalapril, Ramipril
? ARBs
. 🛡️ "-sartan": Losartan, Valsartan, Candesartan
? Note
. ACE-I: dry cough (bradykinin), angioedema, hyperkalemia
? Note
. ARBs: no cough, still hyperkalemia
? Note
. Both contraindicated in pregnancy and bilateral RAS

Acronym: 5 Problems in DKA
Title: DKA management priorities
System: endocrine
Emoji: ⚠️
Path: ? Hypovolemia
. 💧 Most important; start NS
? Lack of insulin
. 💉 Administer insulin
? Low total body potassium
. ⚡ #1 cause of death during treatment: hypokalemia arrhythmia
? Hypophosphatemia
. 🦴 Impairs ATP synthesis, paralysis
? Pseudohyponatremia
. 🧪 Correct: (glucose-100)/100 x 1.6 + measured Na

Acronym: 5 Reasons Never Give Bicarb in DKA
Title: Why bicarb is harmful in DKA
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🚫
Path: ? Corrects number without fixing problem
. 📊 Cosmetic fix
? Decreases cardiac output
. ❤️ Acidosis normally increases CO
? Causes hypokalemia
. ⚡ Exacerbates low body K
? Shifts Hb curve left
. 🩸 Tissues make more lactic acid
? Bicarb does not cross BBB
. 🧠 CSF pH falls paradoxically, GABA increases

Acronym: MEN Syndromes
Title: Multiple endocrine neoplasia
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🦋
Path: ? MEN I (Wermer)
. 🔬 Pituitary + Pancreatic + Parathyroid tumors
? MEN II (Sipple)
. 🔬 Medullary thyroid carcinoma + Pheochromocytoma +/- Parathyroid
? MEN III
. 🔬 MEN II + Neuroma/Ganglioneuroma, NO parathyroid; Marfanoid

Acronym: Pheochromocytoma Rule of 10s
Title: 10% rules
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🔟
Path: ? 10% in children
. 👶 90% in adults
? 10% bilateral
. 🔄 90% unilateral
? 10% metastatic
. 🎯 90% do not metastasize
? 10% familial
. 👨‍👩‍👧 90% no family history
? 10% malignant
. ⚠️ 90% benign

Acronym: 5 Pancreatic Adenomas
Title: Functional islet cell tumors
System: endocrine
Emoji: 🔬
Path: ? Glucagonoma
. 📈 Elevated glucose, lipids, ketones
? Insulinoma
. 📉 High insulin, high C-peptide
? Somatostatinoma
. 🫁 Severe constipation
? VIPoma
. 💧 Watery diarrhea
? Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison)
. 🧪 Elevated gastrin always