Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Vitamins & Nutrition
Tags: bw-mnemonics vitamins
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
System: vitamins

Acronym: 4 D's
Title: Pellagra (Niacin / B3 Deficiency)
Emoji: 💀
Path: ? D
. Diarrhea
? D
. Dermatitis
? D
. Dementia
? D
. Death
? Note
. B3 = NAD/NADP cofactor
? Note
. Seen in every low-energy state
? Note
. Hartnup disease mimics pellagra

Acronym: 1972
Title: Vitamin K Dependent Factors
Emoji: 🩸
Path: ? 1
. Factor X
? 9
. Factor IX
? 7
. Factor VII (shortest t1/2)
? 2
. Factor II (Prothrombin)
? Note
. + Protein C and Protein S
? Note
. Warfarin blocks these
? Note
. Factor VII gone first (2 days)

Acronym: BRICKLE
Title: Insulin-Independent Glucose Uptake
Emoji: 🍬
Path: ? B
. Brain
? R
. Red Blood Cells
? I
. Intestinal wall
? C
. Cardiac / Cornea
? K
. Kidneys
? L
. Liver
? E
. Exercising muscle
? Note
. NO insulin needed here
? Note
. These organs damaged in DM
? Note
. They take up TOO MUCH glucose

Acronym: Ca/PO4 Direction Rule: PTH = Opposite, Vitamin D = Same
Title: Mineral regulation simplified
Emoji: ⬆
Path: ? PTH
. 🔄 Raises Ca2+, LOWERS phosphorus (opposite directions)
? Vitamin D
. ⬆ Raises BOTH Ca2+ and phosphorus (same direction)
? Note
. PTH lowers phos by decreasing renal reabsorption
? Note
. Primary hyperPTH: high Ca, LOW phos, high PTH
? Note
. Hypoparathyroidism: low Ca, HIGH phos, low PTH

Acronym: Gut Flora Produces: 90% Vitamin K, Biotin, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Helps B12
Title: Bacterial contributions to nutrition
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? Vitamin K
. 🥬 90% from gut bacteria (hemorrhagic disease of newborn = no flora)
? Biotin
. 💅 B7 synthesized by intestinal flora
? Folate
. 🧬 B9 produced by colonic bacteria
? Pantothenic Acid
. ⚡ B5 from gut flora
? B12
. 🔴 Gut bacteria assist B12 processing
? Note
. Newborns get IM vitamin K (sterile gut)
? Note
. Broad-spectrum antibiotics deplete these
? Note
. Biotin deficiency from raw egg whites (avidin)

Acronym: Antioxidant Locations: Vitamin E = Blood, Vitamin C = GI Tract
Title: Compartment-specific protection
Emoji: 🛡️
Path: ? Vitamin E
. 🩸 Fat-soluble: protects RBC membranes and LDL in blood
? Vitamin C
. 🍊 Water-soluble: active in GI lumen and aqueous compartments
? Note
. Vit E deficiency: hemolytic anemia + spinocerebellar degeneration
? Note
. Vitamin C regenerates oxidized vitamin E
? Note
. Take Vit C with iron (protects from GI oxidation)

Acronym: Vitamin A Clinical Uses
Title: 4 uses of Vitamin A
Emoji: 🥕
Path: ? Measles
. 🫁 Regenerate lung epithelium
? Cancer T(15/17)
. 🎗️ Cell maturation
? Infections destroying cells
. 🦠 Cell replacement
? Burn patients
. 🔥 Epithelial repair

Acronym: Antioxidant Locations
Title: Where each antioxidant works
Emoji: 🛡️
Path: ? Vitamin E
. 🩸 Main antioxidant in blood
? Vitamin C
. 🫁 Main antioxidant in GI tract
? Vitamin A
. 🔬 Mild antioxidant
? Beta-carotene
. 🟠 Mild antioxidant
? Trace elements
. ⚙️ Mild antioxidants

Acronym: 4 Enzymes Requiring Thiamine (B1)
Title: Thiamine pyrophosphate dependent
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? Pyruvate dehydrogenase
. 🔥 Krebs entry
? Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
. 🔄 Krebs cycle
? Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase
. 🌿 BCAA metabolism
? Transketolase
. 🧠 Brain uses this; pentose pathway

Acronym: 3 Side Effects of Niacin
Title: Niacin adverse effects
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? Flushing/itching
. 🔴 Prostaglandin release stimulates mast cells; prevent with aspirin
? Insulin resistance
. 💉 Blocks insulin receptors
? Gout
. 🦶 Competes with uric acid excretion

Acronym: Drug of Choice for Chronic Neuropathy/Pain
Title: 3 scenarios, 3 drugs
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? General chronic neuropathy
. 💊 Amitriptyline (TCA)
? If heart disease
. 💊 Gabapentin
? Shooting/stabbing pain
. 💊 Carbamazepine

Acronym: 4 Diseases Involving Oxidation
Title: Treated with Vitamin E
Emoji: 🧪
Path: ? Cancer
. 🎗️ Free radical damage to DNA
? Alzheimer disease
. 🧠 Protein oxidation accumulates amyloid
? Coronary artery disease
. ❤️ LDL oxidation initiates plaque
? Hemolytic anemia (esp. G6PD)
. 🩸 RBC membrane oxidation causes hemolysis
? Note
. Vitamin E = fat-soluble antioxidant; neutralizes free radicals
? Note
. G6PD deficiency: no NADPH means no glutathione means oxidative damage unprotected
? Note
. Vit E deficiency: hemolytic anemia + posterior column neuropathy + ataxia

Acronym: 5 Things Gut Flora Makes
Title: Products of intestinal bacteria
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? 90% of Vitamin K
. 🟢 Clotting factor activation
? Biotin
. 🟢 Carboxylation
? Folate
. 🟢 Nucleotide synthesis
? Pantothenic acid
. 🟢 CoA production
? Help absorb Vitamin B12
. 🟢 Absorption aid

Acronym: 4 Cephalosporins That Inhibit Vitamin K
Title: Cephalosporin-vitamin K interaction
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? Cefamandole
. 💊 Inhibits vitamin K
? Cefotetan
. 💊 Inhibits vitamin K
? Moxalactam
. 💊 Inhibits vitamin K
? Cefoperazone
. 💊 Inhibits vitamin K

Acronym: Warfarin Duration Rules
Title: How long to give warfarin for venous clots
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? 1st venous clot with known cause
. 📅 3 months
? 2nd venous clot with known cause
. 📅 12 months
? 3rd clot or unknown cause
. 📅 Lifetime

Acronym: Heparin Side Effects
Title: Adverse effects of heparin
Emoji: ⚠️
Path: ? Bleeding
. 🩸 Most common
? Hyperlipidemia
. 🧈 Activates hormone-sensitive lipase
? HIT-1
. 🔴 Platelet clumping, day 1-2
? HIT-2
. 🔴 After day 3, thrombocytopenia then clotting

Acronym: Heparin Contraindications
Title: When NOT to use heparin
Emoji: 🚫
Path: ? Recent head injury
. 🧠 Bleeding risk
? Recent CPR
. 💔 Bleeding risk
? Uncontrolled hypertension
. 📈 Bleeding risk
? Bleeding ulcer
. 🫁 Active bleeding

Acronym: 5 Diseases with Trinucleotide Repeats
Title: Trinucleotide repeat disorders
Emoji: 🧬
Path: ? Huntington disease
. 🧠 CAG repeats, caudate nucleus
? Fragile X
. 🧬 CGG repeats, large testes
? Friedreich ataxia
. 🦽 GAA repeats
? Prader-Willi
. 🍽️ Deletion/imprinting
? Myotonic dystrophy
. 💪 CTG repeats

Acronym: 5 Minerals
Title: Essential minerals
Emoji: ⚙️
Path: ? Calcium
. 🦴 Muscle contraction, bone, neurotransmitter release
? Magnesium
. 🧲 Cofactor for all kinases, PTH cofactor
? Zinc
. 🧬 Hair, skin, sperm, taste buds
? Copper
. 🔗 Lysine oxidase, ETC complex IV
? Iron
. 🩸 Heme, hemoglobin, ETC complex III and IV

Acronym: 6 Trace Elements
Title: Trace elements and functions
Emoji: 🔬
Path: ? Chromium
. 💉 Enhances insulin; deficiency causes diabetes
? Selenium
. ❤️ Needed by heart; deficiency causes dilated cardiomyopathy
? Molybdenum
. ⚙️ Xanthine oxidase (with manganese)
? Manganese
. ⚙️ Glycolysis enzymes
? Tin
. 💇 Hair growth
? Fluoride
. 🦷 Teeth and bone; excess blocks enolase