Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Surgery
Tags: bw-mnemonics surgery

Acronym: 5 W's
Title: Post-Op Fever by Day
System: surgery
Emoji: 🌡️
Path: ? W
. Wind: Day 1 (atelectasis)
? W
. Water: Day 3 (UTI)
? W
. Wound: Day 5 (SSI)
? W
. Walk: Day 7 (DVT/PE)
? W
. Wonder drugs: Day 7-10
? Note
. Day 1 = incentive spirometry
? Note
. Day 7 = Doppler ultrasound
? Note
. Most common: atelectasis

Acronym: SnOUT / SpIN
Title: Test Characteristics
System: surgery
Emoji: 📊
Path: ? Sn
. Sensitive test, Negative = rules OUT
? Sp
. Specific test, Positive = rules IN
? Note
. Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN)
? Note
. Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)
? Note
. Screening tests need high sensitivity

Acronym: ABCDE: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exploration
Title: Primary Trauma Survey
System: surgery
Emoji: 🚑
Path: ? A
. 🫁 Airway: secure with C-spine protection
? B
. 🌬️ Breathing: bilateral breath sounds
? C
. 🩸 Circulation: hemorrhage control, 2 large-bore IVs
? D
. 🧠 Disability: GCS, pupils, neuro
? E
. 🔍 Exploration: fully undress, log roll
? Note
. Always address in order
? Note
. MCC preventable trauma death = airway failure
? Note
. MARCH protocol in military (Massive hemorrhage first)

Acronym: Amides have "i" before "-caine"; Esters don't
Title: Local Anesthetic Recognition
System: surgery
Emoji: 💉
Path: ? Amides
. 💉 "i" before "-caine": Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine
? Esters
. 🧪 No "i": Benzocaine, Procaine, Tetracaine
? Note
. Esters: plasma cholinesterase metabolized, more allergenic (PABA)
? Note
. Amides: liver P450 metabolized
? Note
. Bupivacaine: most cardiotoxic (avoid IV)

Acronym: 5 P's of Compartment Syndrome: Pain, Pallor, Poikilothermia, Paresthesia, Pulselessness
Title: Emergency Surgical Diagnosis
System: surgery
Emoji: 🦵
Path: ? P
. 😖 Pain out of proportion, worse with passive stretch
? P
. 🫥 Pallor: pale limb
? P
. 🥶 Poikilothermia: cold extremity
? P
. ⚡ Paresthesia: numbness/tingling (nerve ischemia)
? P
. 💔 Pulselessness: LATE finding
? Note
. Pressure >30 mmHg = fasciotomy
? Note
. MCC: tibial fracture
? Note
. Do NOT elevate limb (worsens ischemia)

Acronym: ABCDI Melanoma: Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Depth (#1 Prognostic), Itching/Bleeding
Title: Melanoma Warning Signs
System: surgery
Emoji: 🔍
Path: ? A
. 🔲 Asymmetry: halves don't match
? B
. 🌊 Borders: irregular, ragged
? C
. 🎨 Color: multiple shades
? D
. 📏 Depth: WORST prognostic factor (Breslow)
? I
. 🩸 Itching/bleeding: suggests invasion
? Note
. Breslow depth (mm) = #1 prognostic, NOT diameter
? Note
. Sentinel node biopsy if >1mm
? Note
. Nodular melanoma = worst subtype

Acronym: Compartment Syndrome 5 Ps
Title: Clinical signs of compartment syndrome
System: surgery
Emoji: 🦵
Path: ? Pain
. 😣 out of proportion
? Pallor
. ⬜ pale extremity
? Poikilothermia
. 🌡️ temperature dysregulation
? Paresthesia
. ⚡ tingling/numbness
? Pulselessness
. ❌ late and ominous sign

Acronym: 6 Sites Cancer Metastasizes To
Title: Where cancer spreads
System: surgery
Emoji: 🎯
Path: ? Brain
. 🧠 Grey-white junction
? Lungs
. 🫁 Common destination
? Bone
. 🦴 Osteolytic or osteoblastic
? Liver
. 🫁 Most common cancer in liver is metastasis
? Adrenal
. 🔵 Vascular organ
? Pericardium
. ❤️ Serous surface

Acronym: 4 Tumors with Psammoma Bodies
Title: Large calcifications on microscopy
System: surgery
Emoji: 🔬
Path: ? Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
. 🦋 Most common thyroid cancer
? Serous adenocarcinoma of ovary
. 🔬 Most common ovarian cancer
? Meningioma
. 🧠 Most common intracranial tumor
? Mesothelioma
. 🫁 Pleural cancer

Acronym: Common Cancer Antigens
Title: Tumor markers
System: surgery
Emoji: 🧪
Path: ? PSA
. 🔬 Prostate
? CEA
. 🔬 Colon, pancreas
? S-100
. 🔬 Melanoma, neural tumors
? AFP
. 🔬 Liver, yolk sac
? HCG
. 🔬 Choriocarcinoma, testicular
? Ca-125
. 🔬 Ovarian
? Ca-19
. 🔬 Pancreatic