Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Gastroenterology
Tags: bw-mnemonics gi

Acronym: IHOP
Title: Surgical Indications for PUD
System: gi
Emoji: 🔪
Path: ? I
. Intractable pain
? H
. Hemorrhage
? O
. Obstruction
? P
. Perforation
? Note
. Surgery = last resort
? Note
. Free air on upright CXR = perf
? Note
. Endoscopy first for bleeding

Acronym: Rule of 2's
Title: Meckel's Diverticulum
System: gi
Emoji: 2
Path: ? 2
. 2% of pediatric population
? 2
. 2 feet from ileocecal valve
? 2
. Peaks at 2 years old
? 2
. 2 cm in size
? 2
. 2 types ectopic mucosa (gastric, pancreatic)
? 2
. 2x more common in males
? Note
. MCC massive GI bleed in children
? Note
. Remnant of vitelline duct
? Note
. Technetium scan to diagnose

Acronym: G.A.S.
Title: Elastase Cutting Sites
System: gi
Emoji: ✂
Path: ? G
. Glycine
? A
. Alanine
? S
. Serine
? Note
. Elastase cuts RIGHT of these
? Note
. Trypsin cuts right of Lys, Arg
? Note
. All pancreatic enzymes cut RIGHT (except carboxypeptidase)

Acronym: Cushing = Cranium (ICP), Curling = Coals (Burns)
Title: Cushing's vs Curling's Stress Ulcer
System: gi
Emoji: 🔥
Path: ? Cushing's
. 🧠 Cranium: increased ICP → gastric ulcer (brain injury)
? Curling's
. 🔥 Coals: burns → duodenal ulcer (hypovolemia)
? Note
. Cushing ulcers perforate more often
? Note
. Curling associated with hypovolemia
? Note
. Both are stress ulcers, different mechanism

Acronym: Charcot = Jaundice + Fever + RUQ; Reynold = + Shock + AMS
Title: Ascending Cholangitis Spectrum
System: gi
Emoji: 🔺
Path: ? Jaundice
. 🟡 Obstructive from CBD stone
? Fever
. 🌡️ Infection/cholangitis
? RUQ Pain
. 😖 Right upper quadrant tenderness
? + Shock
. 💀 Hypotension (Reynold's addition)
? + AMS
. 🧠 Altered mental status (Reynold's addition)
? Note
. Charcot triad = ascending cholangitis
? Note
. Reynold pentad = septic cholangitis (emergency)
? Note
. ERCP for stone removal

Acronym: Grey Turner = Flanks, Cullen = umbiCal (Center)
Title: Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis Signs
System: gi
Emoji: 🟣
Path: ? Grey Turner
. 🔵 Flank ecchymosis (Turn to see your flanks)
? Cullen
. 🟣 Periumbilical ecchymosis (C = Center of belly)
? Note
. Indicate retroperitoneal hemorrhage
? Note
. Poor prognostic sign
? Note
. 40% mortality with hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Acronym: 4 Secretory Diarrheas: VIPoma, Vibrio, ETEC, Cryptosporidium
Title: Do NOT stop when NPO
System: gi
Emoji: 💧
Path: ? VIPoma
. 💧 Vasoactive intestinal peptide tumor: watery diarrhea
? Vibrio cholerae
. 🦠 Rice-water stools, massive fluid loss
? ETEC
. ✈️ Traveler diarrhea, heat-labile/stable toxins
? Cryptosporidium
. 🔬 AIDS-defining, acid-fast oocysts
? Note
. Secretory does NOT stop when patient is NPO
? Note
. Osmotic diarrhea DOES stop with fasting
? Note
. VIPoma = only hormonal cause

Acronym: Fertile, Fat, Forty, Female
Title: 4 F's of Gallstones
System: gi
Emoji: 💎
Path: ? Fertile
. 🤰 Estrogen increases cholesterol in bile
? Fat
. 🍔 Obesity = cholesterol saturation
? Forty
. 4 Risk increases with age > 40
? Female
. ♀️ 2-3x more common in women
? Note
. Cholesterol stones most common
? Note
. Pigment stones = chronic hemolysis
? Note
. Native American/Hispanic highest risk

Acronym: Virchow Triangle for Gallstones
Title: 3 factors increasing gallstone formation
System: gi
Emoji: 🟡
Path: ? Increased cholesterol
. ⬆️ Supersaturation
? Decreased bile salts
. ⬇️ Less solubilization
? Decreased lecithin
. ⬇️ Less emulsification

Acronym: 3 Signs of Common Bile Duct Gallstone
Title: CBD stone triad
System: gi
Emoji: 🟡
Path: ? Pancreatitis
. 🫁 Stone blocks pancreatic duct
? Increased alkaline phosphatase
. 📈 Biliary obstruction marker
? Increased WBC and fever
. 🌡️ Cholangitis

Acronym: 4 Main Causes of Secretory Diarrhea
Title: Plasma secreted into bowel
System: gi
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Vibrio cholera
. 🦠 ADP-ribosylates Gs
? ETEC
. 🦠 Enterotoxigenic E. coli
? Cryptosporidium
. 🦠 AIDS patients
? VIPoma
. 🔬 Vasoactive intestinal peptide tumor

Acronym: 9 Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Title: HCC risk factors
System: gi
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Smoking
. 🚬 Carcinogen
? Alcohol
. 🍺 Cirrhosis
? Hepatitis B
. 🦠 Chronic infection
? Hepatitis C
. 🦠 Chronic infection
? Schistosomiasis
. 🦠 Parasite
? Aniline dyes
. 🧪 Chemical
? Aflatoxin
. 🍄 Aspergillus toxin
? Vinyl chloride
. 🧪 Angiosarcoma
? Benzene
. 🧪 Chemical