Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Neurology
Tags: bw-mnemonics neuro

Acronym: Hot as a Hare...
Title: Anticholinergic Toxidrome
System: neuro
Emoji: 🐰
Path: ? 🔥
. Hot as a Hare (hyperthermia)
? 👁️
. Blind as a Bat (mydriasis)
? 🏜️
. Dry as a Bone (no secretions)
? 🔴
. Red as a Beet (flushing)
? 🤪
. Mad as a Hatter (delirium)
? Note
. Block muscarinic receptors
? Note
. Atropine overdose, antihistamines
? Note
. Tx: physostigmine

Acronym: I-KISS
Title: Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Actions
System: neuro
Emoji: 💪
Path: ? I
. Inhibit Phospholipase A2
? K
. Kill T-cells and eosinophils
? I
. Inhibit macrophage migration
? S
. Stabilize mast cells
? S
. Stabilize endothelium
? Note
. Most potent anti-inflammatory class
? Note
. Cortisol = endogenous steroid
? Note
. Chronic use = immunosuppression

Acronym: F-RIPS
Title: Drugs Causing Myositis
System: neuro
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? F
. Fibrates
? R
. Rifampin
? I
. INH
? P
. Prednisone
? S
. Statins (MCC)
? Note
. All fat-soluble drugs
? Note
. Check CK if muscle pain on statin
? Note
. Rhabdomyolysis = severe form

Acronym: Wacky, Wet, Wobbly
Title: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? 🤪
. Wacky = Dementia
? 💧
. Wet = Urinary incontinence
? 🥴
. Wobbly = Gait ataxia
? Note
. Elderly patient
? Note
. Tx: VP shunt
? Note
. Triad must be present

Acronym: BATS Drink Blood
Title: Sleep Wave Stages
System: neuro
Emoji: 😴
Path: ? B
. Beta (awake, eyes open)
? A
. Alpha (eyes closed, relaxed)
? T
. Theta (stage 1, light sleep)
? S
. Spindles + K-complexes (stage 2)
? D
. Delta (stage 3/4, deep sleep)
? B
. Beta/REM (most restful, dreams)
? Note
. Delta = sleepwalking, night terrors
? Note
. REM controlled by ACh
? Note
. Benzos decrease stage 3/4

Acronym: Some Say Marry Money...
Title: Cranial Nerve Types
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? S
. CN I: Sensory (olfactory)
? S
. CN II: Sensory (optic)
? M
. CN III: Motor (oculomotor)
? M
. CN IV: Motor (trochlear)
? B
. CN V: Both (trigeminal)
? M
. CN VI: Motor (abducens)
? B
. CN VII: Both (facial)
? S
. CN VIII: Sensory (vestibulocochlear)
? B
. CN IX: Both (glossopharyngeal)
? B
. CN X: Both (vagus)
? M
. CN XI: Motor (accessory)
? M
. CN XII: Motor (hypoglossal)
? Note
. "...But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most"
? Note
. SO4 LR6: Superior Oblique=IV, Lateral Rectus=VI
? Note
. Rest = CN III

Acronym: Cushing Triad: Hypertension + Bradycardia + Irregular Respirations
Title: Critically Elevated ICP
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? Hypertension
. 📈 Sympathetic surge to maintain cerebral perfusion
? Bradycardia
. 💓 Baroreceptor reflex to hypertension
? Irregular Respirations
. 🫁 Brainstem compression
? Note
. Late sign: herniation imminent
? Note
. Different from Cushing DISEASE (cortisol)
? Note
. Widened pulse pressure is early sign

Acronym: Decorticate = Flex (above red nucleus); Decerebrate = Extend (below)
Title: Brain Herniation Posturing
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧍
Path: ? Decorticate
. 💪 Arms FLEX to core: lesion ABOVE red nucleus (cortex)
? Decerebrate
. 🦴 All limbs EXTEND: lesion BELOW red nucleus (brainstem)
? Note
. de-COR-ticate = toward the CORe (flexion)
? Note
. de-CEREBR-ate = worse (brainstem gone)
? Note
. Progression decorticate → decerebrate = deterioration

Acronym: Lateral=Eat, Medial=Full, Anterior=Cool (AC), Posterior=Warm
Title: Hypothalamus Functional Map
System: neuro
Emoji: 🗺️
Path: ? Lateral
. 🍔 Hunger center (destruction = anorexia)
? Medial
. 🛑 Satiety center (destruction = obesity)
? Anterior
. ❄️ Cooling / A.C. (parasympathetic)
? Posterior
. 🔥 Heating (sympathetic, shivering)
? Note
. Lateral-thin (anorexia)
? Note
. Ventromedial-Very Massive (obesity)
? Note
. Anterior also = circadian rhythm (SCN)

Acronym: SO4 = Superior Oblique CN IV; LR6 = Lateral Rectus CN VI; Rest = CN III
Title: Eye Motor Innervation
System: neuro
Emoji: 👁️
Path: ? SO4
. ⬇️ Superior Oblique = CN IV (intorts, depresses)
? LR6
. ➡️ Lateral Rectus = CN VI (abducts)
? Rest = III
. 🎯 All other muscles = CN III (oculomotor)
? Note
. CN IV longest intracranial course, crosses midline
? Note
. CN VI first affected by ICP (longest subarachnoid)
? Note
. CN III also carries parasympathetics (pupil)

Acronym: Friedreich Ataxia: Scoliosis, Retinitis Pigmentosa, HCM, Trinucleotide Repeats
Title: Spinocerebellar Degeneration
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧬
Path: ? Scoliosis
. 🦴 Progressive kyphoscoliosis
? Retinitis Pigmentosa
. 👁️ Progressive visual loss
? HCM
. ❤️ #1 cause of death: cardiac failure
? Trinucleotide
. 🔁 GAA repeats, chromosome 9, frataxin gene
? Note
. Autosomal RECESSIVE (unique among trinucleotide diseases)
? Note
. Onset before 25, wheelchair within 15 years
? Note
. Frataxin deficiency → mitochondrial iron accumulation

Acronym: ICP Signs: 1st=Papilledema, 2nd=Esotropia, 1st Sx=Headache, 2nd=Diplopia
Title: Increased ICP Progression
System: neuro
Emoji: 📊
Path: ? 1st Sign
. 👁️ Papilledema (CN II, fundoscopic finding)
? 2nd Sign
. 👀 Esotropia (CN VI palsy, longest course)
? 1st Symptom
. 🤕 Headache (worse AM, with Valsalva)
? 2nd Symptom
. 👓 Diplopia (from CN VI palsy)
? Note
. Papilledema = objective sign patient may not notice
? Note
. CN VI most vulnerable to diffuse ICP
? Note
. Headache worst in AM (supine increases ICP)

Acronym: Temporal Arteritis Rule of 60s: Age>60, ESR>60, Prednisone>60mg
Title: Giant Cell Arteritis
System: neuro
Emoji: 6
Path: ? Age > 60
. 👵 Almost never under 50
? ESR > 60
. 🧪 Markedly elevated inflammation
? Prednisone > 60mg
. 💊 High-dose to prevent blindness
? Note
. Start steroids BEFORE biopsy (do not wait)
? Note
. Skip lesions: need adequate biopsy length
? Note
. Complication: anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Acronym: Neurocutaneous Diseases ALL Share: Mental Retardation + Calcifications + Seizures
Title: Phakomatoses
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? Shared
. 🧠 ALL: MR + cerebral calcifications + seizures
? NF
. ☕ Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules, neurofibromas
? Sturge-Weber
. 🍷 Port-wine stain (V1) + leptomeningeal angioma
? Tuberous Sclerosis
. 🥔 Ash-leaf spots, shagreen, cardiac rhabdomyomas
? Note
. NF1 = chr 17, NF2 = chr 22 (bilateral acoustic neuromas)
? Note
. Sturge-Weber: tram-track calcifications on skull X-ray
? Note
. Tuberous Sclerosis: renal angiomyolipomas

Acronym: 3 Features of All Neurocutaneous Diseases
Title: Universal findings
System: neuro
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? Mental retardation
. 🧠 Cognitive impairment
? Cerebral calcifications
. 🧠 On imaging
? Seizures
. ⚡ Epilepsy