Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Microbiology
Tags: bw-mnemonics micro
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
System: micro

Acronym: Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
Title: Encapsulated Organisms
Emoji: 🛡️
Path: ? S
. Strep pneumoniae
? K
. Klebsiella
? H
. H. influenzae B
? P
. Pseudomonas
? N
. Neisseria
? C
. Citrobacter + Salmonella
? Note
. Opsonization required to kill
? Note
. Asplenic patients = high risk
? Note
. Vaccine targets: pneumo, meningo, HiB

Acronym: L.I.N.E.S.
Title: Strep pyogenes > Staph (Skin)
Emoji: 🔴
Path: ? L
. Lymphangitis
? I
. Impetigo
? N
. Necrotizing fasciitis
? E
. Erysipelas
? S
. Scarlet fever
? Note
. 5 where Strep pyogenes is #1
? Note
. Everything else = Staph aureus #1
? Note
. Group A Strep = pyogenes

Acronym: B.E.L.
Title: Neonatal Meningitis (0-2 months)
Emoji: 👶
Path: ? B
. Group B Strep (agalactiae)
? E
. E. coli (K1 capsule)
? L
. Listeria monocytogenes
? Note
. Culture mom at 36 weeks
? Note
. Amp + Gent = empiric
? Note
. GBS = #1 overall

Acronym: L.S.D. Loves Chaga
Title: Infectious Causes of Heart Block
Emoji: ❤️‍🩹
Path: ? L
. Lyme disease
? S
. Salmonella (Typhoid)
? D
. Diphtheria
? L
. Legionella
? C
. Chagas disease
? Note
. AV block on EKG
? Note
. Chagas = dilated cardiomyopathy
? Note
. Lyme = treat with doxycycline

Acronym: SPECC
Title: Jones Criteria: Rheumatic Fever
Emoji: ❤️
Path: ? S
. Subcutaneous nodules
? P
. Polyarthritis (migratory)
? E
. Erythema marginatum
? C
. Chorea (Sydenham's)
? C
. Carditis
? Note
. Only disease with migratory polyarthritis
? Note
. Follows Group A Strep pharyngitis
? Note
. ASO titer confirms; PCN G prophylaxis

Acronym: I AM HE
Title: Cold Agglutinin Causes
Emoji: 🧊
Path: ? I
. Influenza
? A
. Adenovirus
? M
. Mycoplasma
? H
. Hepatitis B/C
? E
. EBV
? Note
. IgM cold-precipitating antibodies
? Note
. Hep C = #1 cause overall
? Note
. Cold-induced vasculitis

Acronym: S.Hi.N
Title: IgA Protease Producers
Emoji: 🛡️
Path: ? S
. Strep pneumoniae
? Hi
. Hemophilus influenzae
? N
. Neisseria
? Note
. Cleave IgA at mucosal surface
? Note
. All three colonize nasopharynx
? Note
. Evade first-line mucosal defense

Acronym: TORCH
Title: Congenital Infections
Emoji: 🤰
Path: ? T
. Toxoplasmosis (ring-enhancing lesion)
? O
. Other: Syphilis (saddle nose, sabre shins)
? R
. Rubella (blueberry muffin rash + PDA)
? C
. CMV (central calcifications, #1 overall)
? H
. Herpes (temporal lobe encephalitis)
? Note
. All cause IUGR + microcephaly
? Note
. First trimester = worst
? Note
. CMV = most common congenital infection

Acronym: House of the Ellas: All "-ella" Gram-Negatives
Title: Intracellular "-ella" Bacteria
Emoji: 🏠
Path: ? Salmonella
. 🍗 Osteomyelitis in sickle cell, typhoid
? Shigella
. 💉 Bloody diarrhea, no bacteremia
? Brucella
. 🐄 Undulant fever, unpasteurized dairy
? Bartonella
. 🐱 Cat scratch, bacillary angiomatosis (HIV)
? Francisella
. 🐰 Tularemia from rabbits/ticks
? Klebsiella
. 🍺 Currant jelly sputum in alcoholics
? Bordetella
. 😤 Pertussis whooping cough
? Note
. All are facultative intracellular
? Note
. Trigger granulomatous inflammation + erythema nodosum
? Note
. Erythema nodosum = painful red shin nodules

Acronym: E. coli Families: EIEC, ETEC, EHEC
Title: Pathogenic E. coli Variants
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? EIEC
. ✈️ Enteroinvasive: regular traveler diarrhea, invades like Shigella
? ETEC
. 💧 Enterotoxigenic: rice-water, ADP-ribosylates Gs → cAMP
? EHEC
. 🩸 Enterohemorrhagic: O157:H7, HUS in kids, Shiga-like toxin
? Note
. ETEC = same mechanism as cholera
? Note
. EHEC: do NOT give antibiotics (increases toxin release)
? Note
. EHEC = MCC renal failure in children

Acronym: Syphilis Rule of 6s: Primary ~6wks, Secondary ~6wks later, Tertiary ~6yrs
Title: Syphilis Timeline
Emoji: 6
Path: ? Primary
. 6 ~6 weeks post-exposure: painLESS chancre
? Secondary
. 6 ~6 weeks after primary: diffuse rash, condylomata lata
? Tertiary
. 6 ~6 YEARS: gummas, tabes dorsalis, aortitis
? Note
. Primary chancre heals without treatment
? Note
. Secondary rash involves palms and soles
? Note
. Tertiary: ascending aortic aneurysm + Argyll Robertson pupil

Acronym: 90% Virology: Memorize EXCEPTIONS, Not Rules
Title: DNA vs RNA Virus Properties
Emoji: 🧬
Path: ? DNA dsDNA
. 🧬 EXCEPT Parvovirus (ssDNA, smallest)
? DNA nucleus
. 🔬 EXCEPT Poxvirus (carries own polymerase)
? DNA naked
. 👕 EXCEPT Herpesviruses (enveloped, latency)
? RNA ssRNA
. 🧪 EXCEPT Reovirus (dsRNA = Rotavirus)
? RNA cytoplasm
. 🔄 EXCEPT Retroviruses (integrate into nucleus)
? RNA enveloped
. 🧥 EXCEPT Picornaviruses (naked, fecal-oral)
? Note
. Parvo B19: aplastic crisis in sickle cell, fifth disease
? Note
. Pox: only DNA virus in cytoplasm
? Note
. Coxsackie = Picornavirus = naked RNA = fecal-oral

Acronym: Ducreyi Makes You Cry (PAINFUL Genital Ulcer)
Title: H. ducreyi Chancroid
Emoji: 😢
Path: ? Ducreyi
. 😢 PAINFUL ulcer (vs syphilis = painLESS)
? Chancroid
. 🩸 Most common PAINFUL genital ulcer worldwide
? Soft chancre
. 🧫 Gram-neg rod, "school of fish" on biopsy
? Note
. Painless = syphilis (hard chancre)
? Note
. Painful = chancroid (soft chancre)
? Note
. Tx: azithromycin single dose or ceftriaxone

Acronym: Histoplasma capsulatum Has NO Capsule (Misnomer)
Title: Common Trick Question
Emoji: 🍄
Path: ? No capsule
. ❌ Despite "capsulatum" in the name: NO actual capsule
? Intracellular
. 🔬 Hides inside macrophages (like TB)
? Geography
. 🗺️ Ohio/Mississippi valleys, bird/bat droppings
? Note
. Name from artifact on original histology
? Note
. Causes granulomas mimicking sarcoid and TB
? Note
. Immunocompromised: disseminated, pancytopenia

Acronym: 8 Causes of Palmar/Plantar Rash
Title: Rashes on Palms and Soles
Emoji: 🖐️
Path: ? T
. 🔥 Toxic Shock Syndrome (S. aureus TSST-1)
? R
. 🪲 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (starts wrists/ankles)
? C
. 👶 Coxsackie A (Hand-Foot-Mouth)
? K
. ❤️ Kawasaki (desquamation of fingers/toes)
? S
. 🍓 Scarlet Fever (sandpaper rash)
? S
. 😱 Staph Scalded Skin (exfoliative toxin)
? S
. 🌀 Syphilis (secondary, copper-colored)
? S
. 🐀 Streptobacillus (rat-bite fever)
? Note
. RMSF: treat with doxycycline empirically
? Note
. Secondary syphilis: condylomata lata (flat, moist)
? Note
. Kawasaki: IVIG + aspirin (rare peds aspirin use)

Acronym: Strep Bovis Bacteremia = Must Rule Out Colon Cancer
Title: Mandatory Colonoscopy
Emoji: 🎗️
Path: ? S. bovis
. 🦠 Group D Strep (NOT enterococcus)
? Bacteremia
. 🩸 Blood culture growing S. bovis = colonoscopy
? Colon cancer
. 🎗️ Strong association with colorectal CA
? Note
. Even if endocarditis is presenting: MUST scope colon
? Note
. Now reclassified as S. gallolyticus
? Note
. Also: C. septicum associated with colon CA

Acronym: SHiNs: Transformation-Competent Bacteria
Title: DNA Uptake from Environment
Emoji: 🧬
Path: ? S
. 🫁 Strep pneumoniae (Griffith experiment 1928)
? Hi
. 🧫 Hemophilus influenzae
? N
. 🦠 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
? Note
. Transformation = uptake of NAKED DNA from dead bacteria
? Note
. Different from conjugation (pilus) and transduction (phage)
? Note
. Griffith: heat-killed smooth + live rough → virulent smooth

Acronym: 4 Patient Groups Afraid of Staph/Pseudomonas
Title: Who gets these infections
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? Neutropenic patients
. ⬇️ No immune defense
? Burn patients
. 🔥 No skin barrier
? Cystic fibrosis
. 🫁 Thick mucus
? Diabetics
. 💉 Impaired immunity

Acronym: Normal Skin Flora
Title: 3 organisms that live on normal skin
Emoji: 🧴
Path: ? Staphylococcus aureus
. 🟡 catalase positive cocci in clusters
? Streptococcus pyogenes
. 🔴 catalase negative cocci in chains
? Propionibacterium acne
. ⚫ gram positive anaerobe in hair follicles

Acronym: Normal Oral Flora
Title: 9 organisms in the mouth and throat
Emoji: 👄
Path: ? Strep pyogenes
. 🔴 Group A strep
? Strep pneumoniae
. 🔵 encapsulated diplococcus
? H. influenzae
. 🟤 gram negative pleomorphic rod
? Neisseria species
. 🟡 gram negative diplococci
? Peptococcus
. ⚫ anaerobe
? Peptostreptococcus
. ⚫ anaerobe
? Fusobacterium
. ⚫ anaerobe
? Actinomyces
. ⚫ sulfur granules
? Strep viridans (mutans, sanguis, salivarius)
. 🟢 MCC subacute bacterial endocarditis

Acronym: Vitamins Made by E. coli
Title: 4 vitamins synthesized by normal intestinal E. coli
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? Vitamin K (90% of supply)
. 🟢 clotting factors
? Biotin
. 🟡 carboxylase cofactor
? Folate
. 🟠 DNA synthesis
? Pantothenic acid
. 🔵 CoA precursor

Acronym: E. coli Most Common Cause List
Title: 5 clinical scenarios where E. coli is #1
Emoji: 🥇
Path: ? MCC of UTIs in all ages
. 🚽 most tested association
? MCC of all small intestine infections (cholecystitis, cholangitis, SBP, abscess, appendicitis)
. 🩺 abdominal infections
? MCC of traveler diarrhea
. ✈️ EIEC strain
? #2 cause of neonatal sepsis (after GBS)
. 👶 second only to Group B Strep
? EHEC causes HUS: MCC of renal failure in children
. 🫘 hemolytic uremic syndrome

Acronym: Rectal Flora
Title: 3 organisms in normal rectal flora
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? Group B Strep
. 👶 #1 cause neonatal sepsis
? E. coli
. 🦠 #2 cause neonatal sepsis
? Listeria monocytogenes
. 🥬 only gram positive with endotoxin

Acronym: Meningitis MCC by Age
Title: Most common cause of meningitis broken down by age group
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? 0-2 months: Group B Strep, E. coli, Listeria
. 👶 neonatal trio
? 2 months to 10 years: Strep pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis
. 🧒 childhood pair
? 10-21 years: Neisseria meningitidis, Strep pneumoniae
. 🧑 adolescent, Neisseria leads
? Over 21 years: Strep pneumoniae
. 🧑‍🦳 adults, pneumococcus dominates

Acronym: ADP-Ribosylation Toxin Targets
Title: Which toxin hits which G-protein subunit
Emoji: ⚗️
Path: ? G-s: Vibrio cholera and ETEC
. 📈 stimulatory, increases cAMP
? G-i: Bordetella pertussis
. 📉 inhibitory, increases cAMP by blocking inhibition
? EF-2: C. diphtheria and Pseudomonas
. 🛑 elongation factor 2, stops protein synthesis

Acronym: Spore-Forming Bacteria
Title: Only 2 genera form spores
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? Bacillus (B. anthracis, B. cereus)
. 🟤 aerobic spore former, poly D-GLU membrane
? Clostridium (C. difficile, C. perfringens, C. melanogenesis)
. ⚫ anaerobic spore former

Acronym: Causes of Monocytosis
Title: 5 infections that cause monocyte elevation
Emoji: 📈
Path: ? Syphilis
. 🌀 spirochete
? Tuberculosis
. 🫁 mycobacterium
? EBV
. 🦠 Epstein-Barr virus
? Listeria monocytogenes
. 🥬 the name says it
? Salmonella
. 🐔 encapsulated gram negative

Acronym: Curved Rod Bacteria
Title: 4 bacteria with curved rod morphology
Emoji: 🦯
Path: ? H. pylori
. 🟤 urease positive, silver stains
? Vibrio cholera
. 🌊 rice water diarrhea
? Campylobacter jejuni
. 🐔 bloody diarrhea from raw chicken
? Listeria monocytogenes
. 🥬 only gram positive with endotoxin

Acronym: Painful vs Painless Genital Lesions
Title: Board classic: which STI ulcers hurt
Emoji: 🔴
Path: ? PAINFUL: Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
. 😣 most common painful genital lesion
? PAINFUL: Herpes (HSV-2)
. 😣 vesicular clusters
? PAINFUL: Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis)
. 😣 ulcer in lymph node
? PAINLESS: Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
. 😐 chancre
? PAINLESS: Granuloma inguinale (Klebsiella granulomatis)
. 😐 beefy red velvety lesion

Acronym: House of the Ellas
Title: Gram negatives that invade tissues causing granulomatous change
Emoji: 🏠
Path: ? Shigella
. 🦠 daycare outbreaks, most immunogenic bacteria, Shiga toxin causes seizures
? Salmonella
. 🐔 sickle cell osteomyelitis, hides in gallbladder
? Brucella
. 🐄 undulating fever, veterinarians/farmers
? Bartonella
. 🐱 cat scratch disease, silver stains
? Francisella
. 🐰 tularemia from rabbits, treat with streptomycin
? Pasteurella
. 🐕 cat/dog bite cellulitis

Acronym: Patients at Risk for Staph and Pseudomonas
Title: 4 patient populations susceptible to both
Emoji: 🏥
Path: ? Absolute neutropenia . 📉 ANC <2500 ? Cystic fibrosis . 🫁 thick mucus traps bacteria ? Burn patients . 🔥 skin barrier destroyed ? Diabetics . 🩸 impaired immune function

Acronym: MCC Atypical Pneumonia by Age
Title: Which atypical at which age
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? 0-2 months: Chlamydia pneumoniae
. 👶 staccato cough, eosinophilia
? 10-30 years: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
. 🧑 walking pneumonia, cold agglutinins
? Over 40 years: Legionella pneumophila
. 👴 high-rise/hotel syndrome, silver stains, heart block

Acronym: Infections That Cause Cold Agglutinins
Title: Increased IgM titers with cryoglobulinemia
Emoji: 🥶
Path: ? Influenza
. 🦠 respiratory virus
? Adenovirus
. 🦠 DNA virus
? Mycoplasma
. 🦠 no cell wall atypical
? Hepatitis C and B
. 🦠 hepatotropic viruses
? EBV
. 🦠 Epstein-Barr

Acronym: Infections That Cause Heart Block
Title: 5 infectious causes of heart block
Emoji: ❤️
Path: ? Diphtheria
. 🦠 ADP-ribosylates EF-2
? Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi)
. 🦠 fever + rose spots + intestinal fire
? Legionella
. 🦠 atypical pneumonia in elderly
? Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
. 🦠 tick-borne spirochete
? Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
. 🦠 reduviid bug, cardiac trypanosomiasis

Acronym: Vaginitis Discharge Characteristics
Title: 3 causes of vaginitis by discharge type
Emoji: 🔬
Path: ? Candida: curdy white discharge, pruritic
. 🧀 cottage cheese appearance
? Gardnerella: fishy odor, positive whiff test, clue cells
. 🐟 bacterial vaginosis
? Trichomonas: frothy green discharge, strawberry cervix
. 🍓 must treat both patient AND partner

Acronym: Systemic Fungi and Their Clues
Title: 9 systemic fungi with geographic/clinical associations
Emoji: 🍄
Path: ? Histoplasmosis: hides inside macrophages
. 🏠 Ohio/Mississippi river valley
? Blastomycosis: Have a blast in New York
. 🗽 Northeast US
? Coccidioidomycosis: California/Southwest
. 🌵 desert, also hantavirus and Yersinia
? Paracoccidioidomycosis
. 🌎 Latin America
? Sporothrix: gardening disease
. 🌹 rose thorn inoculation
? Cryptococcus: urease positive
. 🧠 meningitis in HIV
? Aspergillus: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
. 🫁 pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia
? Rhizopus
. 🟤 rhinocerebral mucormycosis
? Mucor
. 🟤 diabetic ketoacidosis association

Acronym: Protozoa Organized by Organ System
Title: Which protozoan attacks which organ
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? CNS: Trypanosoma rhodiense, Toxoplasma gondii (ring-enhancing lesions), Naegleria fowleri
. 🧠 brain parasites
? Cornea: Ehrlichiosis, Acanthamoeba
. 👁️ contact lens risk
? Lymphatics: Wuchereria bancrofti (elephantiasis)
. 🦵 massive lymphedema
? Pulmonary: Pneumocystis jirovecii
. 🫁 #1 killer in AIDS
? Cardiac: Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas)
. ❤️ causes heart block
? GI: Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora belli
. 🦠 diarrheal illness
? GU: Trichomonas vaginalis
. 🔬 frothy green discharge
? Skin: Leishmania
. 🧴 sandfly-borne
? Blood: Babesiosis, Plasmodium (4 species)
. 🩸 tick-borne and mosquito-borne

Acronym: Malaria Triple Crown
Title: 3 world records held by malaria
Emoji: 🌍
Path: ? Most common infectious disease in the world
. 🦟 mosquito-borne
? Most common cause of infectious disease death
. 💀 P. falciparum worst
? Most common cause of hemolytic anemia in the world
. 🩸 RBC destruction

Acronym: Helminth Classification
Title: Liver flukes vs hookworms vs flatworms with treatments
Emoji: 🪱
Path: ? Liver flukes (Schistosoma, Echinococcus, Toxocara, Clonorchis): Tx praziquantel
. 🫀 elevated LFTs and bilirubin
? Hookworms (Necator, Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichuris, Ancylostoma, Strongyloides): Tx mebendazole/albendazole
. 🪝 hook into bowel wall
? Flatworms (Taenia saginata, T. solium, Diphyllobothrium, Trichinella): Tx niclosamide
. 📏 segmented worms

Acronym: TB Treatment Protocol
Title: Duration and drug rules for tuberculosis
Emoji: 💊
Path: ? All patients: 4 drugs for 2 months
. 🟢 initial intensive phase
? If sensitive to INH + Rifampin: finish 4 more months with just those 2
. 🟡 total 6 months
? If resistant to INH or Rifampin: finish 4 more months with all 4 drugs
. 🟠 total 6 months, full regimen
? If sputum positive at 1 month: all 4 drugs for full 6 months
. 🔴 not clearing
? Stop when 3 consecutive negative sputum cultures
. ✅ monthly cultures

Acronym: Disseminated TB by Site
Title: Where TB goes after cavitary disease
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? GI: ileum obstruction
. 🦠 terminal ileum
? Bone: Pott disease
. 🦴 vertebral TB
? Lymph nodes: diffuse lymphadenopathy
. 🫁 widespread
? Skin: erythema nodosum
. 🔴 painful shin nodules
? Psoas muscle: cold abscess
. 🧊 no acute inflammation signs
? CNS (posterior fossa): neuropathy, hydrocephalus, meningitis
. 🧠 devastating
? Renal: sterile pyuria
. 🫘 WBCs but no bacteria on culture
? Adrenal: insufficiency
. 🟤 Addison-like picture

Acronym: Mycobacterium Family Members
Title: 7 species in the mycobacterium family
Emoji: 🦠
Path: ? M. tuberculosis . 🫁 the big one ? M. leprae (Hansen disease) . 🧤 peripheral nerve destruction ? M. avium intracellulare (MAI) . 🦠 HIV CD4 <100 prophylaxis ? M. scrofulaceum . 🦠 cervical lymphadenitis in kids ? M. marinum . 🐟 fish tank granuloma ? M. ulcerans . 🦠 Buruli ulcer ? M. kansasii . 🦠 TB-like in immunocompromised

Acronym: Congenital Syphilis Bone Findings
Title: 7 skeletal/facial signs of congenital syphilis
Emoji: 🦴
Path: ? Flat forehead
. 💀 frontal bossing
? Saddle nose
. 👃 nasal bridge collapse
? Snuffles
. 🤧 bloody nasal discharge
? Micrognathia
. 🦷 small jaw
? Rhagades
. 👄 perioral fissures
? Hutchinson teeth
. 🦷 notched incisors
? Sabre shins
. 🦵 anterior tibial bowing

Acronym: Syphilis Treatment by Stage
Title: Penicillin dosing for each stage
Emoji: 💉
Path: ? Primary: 2.4 million units long-acting penicillin x1
. 💊 single dose
? Secondary: 2.4 million units, half in each buttock
. 💊 split dose
? Tertiary: 2.4 million units once weekly x 3 weeks
. 💊 three weekly doses
? Neonatal: 50,000 units/kg/day in divided doses
. 👶 weight-based dosing

Acronym: Rickettsia Species by Arthropod Vector
Title: Which rickettsia is carried by which bug
Emoji: 🕷️
Path: ? RMSF (R. rickettsii): tick-borne, palms and soles
. 🎯 rash starts peripherally
? R. typhi (endemic typhus): flea-borne, rash in armpits
. 🪲 flea vector
? R. prowazekii (epidemic typhus): louse-borne, rash on torso
. 🦟 body louse
? R. akari (rickettsialpox): mite-borne
. 🕷️ mite vector
? R. tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus): mite-borne
. 🕷️ chigger mite
? Coxiella burnetii (Q fever): NOT arthropod-borne
. ❌ only non-arthropod rickettsia

Acronym: Viral Encephalitis vs Meningitis Causes
Title: Different viruses for brain vs meninges
Emoji: 🧠
Path: ? Encephalitis: Arbovirus, Herpesvirus (headache + ataxia)
. 🧠 parenchymal invasion
? Meningitis (aseptic): Enteroviruses (mild headache, photophobia, Kernig/Brudzinski+)
. 🧠 meningeal irritation

Acronym: Common Cold Virus Causes
Title: 5 viruses that cause the common cold
Emoji: 🤧
Path: ? Rhinovirus
. 🦠 most common cause
? Coronavirus vs Adenovirus
. 🦠 second tier
? Herpesvirus
. 🦠 reactivation
? Influenza
. 🦠 respiratory
? Parainfluenza
. 🦠 also causes croup

Acronym: Croup Viral Causes by Frequency
Title: Which virus causes croup and how severe
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Parainfluenza: 80%, mild
. 🟢 most common, steeple sign
? RSV: 15%, severe
. 🔴 respiratory syncytial virus
? Adenovirus: uncommon
. 🟡 minor contributor
? Influenza: uncommon
. 🟡 minor contributor

Acronym: 4 Itchiest Rashes
Title: Board favorite: which rashes itch the most
Emoji: 🤮
Path: ? Urticaria
. 🔴 hives
? Scabies (Tx: topical permethrin cream)
. 🕷️ mite burrows
? Dermatitis herpetiformis
. 🔴 celiac-associated
? Lichen planus
. 🟣 Wickham striae

Acronym: Viral Gastroenteritis by Patient Type
Title: Which virus for adults vs children vs travelers
Emoji: 🤢
Path: ? Adults: Adenovirus
. 🧑 most common in adults
? Children (unvaccinated): Rotavirus
. 👶 most common in kids
? Children (fully immunized): Norovirus
. 👶 pick if vaccinated
? Travelers: Norwalk agent
. ✈️ cruise ships and travel

Acronym: Coxsackie B Virus Cardiac Manifestations
Title: Same virus causes both cardiac conditions
Emoji: ❤️
Path: ? Myocarditis: loss of contractility, diffuse ST depression
. 📉 pump failure
? Pericarditis: friction rub, may cause tamponade, diffuse ST elevation
. 📈 pericardial inflammation

Acronym: Catalase Positive Organisms
Title: 7 organisms that are catalase positive
Emoji: 🔬
Path: ? Staphylococcus aureus
. 🟡 most tested
? Serratia marcescens
. 🔴 red pigment
? Pseudomonas
. 🟢 green pigment
? Nocardia
. 🟤 partially acid fast
? Aspergillus
. 🍄 fungal
? Candida
. 🍄 fungal
? E. coli
. 🟤 gram negative rod

Acronym: Fever Coverage Rule
Title: Antibiotic coverage algorithm for febrile neutropenic patients
Emoji: 🌡️
Path: ? Any fever: cover Staph aureus with 1 antibiotic
. 🟡 first-line single coverage
? Any fever: cover Pseudomonas with 2 antibiotics
. 🟢 always double-cover pseudo
? Fever >48 hours on antibiotics: cover for fungus
. 🍄 cell-mediated arm now suspected

Acronym: Abscess Bug Timeline
Title: Which bug dominates an abscess by day
Emoji: 🕐
Path: ? Day 1-3: Staph aureus
. 🟡 early gold standard colonizer
? Day 3-7: Strep pyogenes
. 🔴 takes over mid-week
? After day 7: Anaerobes
. ⚫ oxygen burst makes it anaerobic

Acronym: HIV CD4 Count Prophylaxis Thresholds
Title: When to start prophylaxis by CD4 count
Emoji: 📉
Path: ? CD4 <200: begin PJP prophylaxis with TMP-SMX . 🫁 #1 cause of death in 40% of cases ? CD4 <100: begin MAI prophylaxis with clarithromycin or azithromycin . 🦠 mycobacterium avium intracellular