Title: Bone Wizardry / Mnemonics / Pulmonology
Tags: bw-mnemonics pulm

Acronym: MUDPILES
Title: Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
System: pulm
Emoji: 🧪
Path: ? M
. Methanol
? U
. Uremia
? D
. DKA
? P
. Paraldehyde
? I
. Isoniazid / Iron
? L
. Lactic acidosis
? E
. Ethylene glycol
? S
. Salicylates
? Note
. AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
? Note
. Normal AG = 8-12
? Note
. Non-gap = HARDUP (hyperchloremic)

Acronym: NASSA
Title: Loeffler Syndrome Parasites (PIE)
System: pulm
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? N
. Necator americanus
? A
. Ancylostoma duodenale
? S
. Schistosoma
? S
. Strongyloides
? A
. Ascaris lumbricoides
? Note
. Larvae migrate through lungs
? Note
. Eosinophilia + cough + wheeze
? Note
. Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia

Acronym: Kartagener Triad: Bronchiectasis + Infertility + Situs Inversus
Title: Immotile Cilia Syndrome
System: pulm
Emoji: 🔄
Path: ? Bronchiectasis
. 🫁 Impaired ciliary clearance → recurrent infections
? Infertility
. 🚫 Immotile sperm / dysfunctional tubal cilia
? Situs Inversus
. 🪞 Cilia needed for embryonic L-R determination
? Note
. Autosomal recessive dynein arm defect
? Note
. Primary ciliary dyskinesia subset
? Note
. Dextrocardia on CXR = classic board finding

Acronym: Bochdalek = Back (90%), Morgagni = Midline (anterior)
Title: Diaphragmatic Hernia Types
System: pulm
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Bochdalek
. ⬅️ Back/posterior-lateral: 90%, LEFT side, presents at birth
? Morgagni
. ➡️ Midline/anterior: 10%, right side, presents later
? Note
. Bochdalek = Babies (neonatal respiratory distress)
? Note
. Left side because liver protects right
? Note
. Bowel sounds in chest + scaphoid abdomen

Acronym: FEV1/FVC: Normal=80%, Restrictive>80%, Obstructive<80%
Title: Spirometry Classification
System: pulm
Emoji: 📐
Path: ? Normal . ✅ 80%: four-fifths exhaled in first second ? Restrictive > 80% . 📦 Both drop but FVC drops MORE → ratio UP ? Obstructive < 80% . 🎈 Air trapped: FEV1 drops MORE → ratio DOWN ? Note . Obstructive: asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis ? Note . Restrictive: fibrosis, scoliosis, obesity ? Note . Use TLC to confirm restriction

Acronym: Pink Puffers = Emphysema; Blue Bloaters = Chronic Bronchitis
Title: COPD Phenotypes
System: pulm
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Pink Puffers
. 🩷 Emphysema: thin, barrel chest, pursed lips, maintain O2
? Blue Bloaters
. 🔵 Chronic Bronchitis: cyanotic, obese, CO2 retainers
? Note
. Centroacinar = smoking; Panacinar = alpha-1 antitrypsin
? Note
. Chronic bronchitis: productive cough >3 months x 2 years
? Note
. Most COPD patients have overlap

Acronym: 4 Types of Emphysema
Title: Emphysema classification
System: pulm
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Panacinar
. 🧬 Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
? Centroacinar
. 🚬 Smoking
? Disto-acinar
. 👴 Aging
? Bullous
. 🦠 Staph aureus and Pseudomonas

Acronym: Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia
Title: 3 categories causing PIE
System: pulm
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
. 🍄 Aspergillus hypersensitivity
? Loeffler Syndrome: Necator, Ancylostoma, Strongyloides, Schistosomiasis, Ascaris
. 🪱 parasitic migration through lungs
? Churg-Strauss
. 🩸 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Acronym: Asthma Management 5 Steps
Title: Stepwise asthma treatment
System: pulm
Emoji: 🫁
Path: ? Step 1: Mild intermittent . 💊 B2 agonist PRN ? Step 2: 1:2 Rule . 💊 Add cromolyn (<5yr) or inhaled steroid (>5yr) daily ? Step 3: Uncontrolled . 💊 Add long-acting B2 agonist + steroid combo (LABA) ? Step 4: Still uncontrolled . 💊 Add oral steroids, large dose 2 weeks then taper ? Step 5: Refractory . 💊 Omalizumab