Renal

Distal vs proximal vs hyperkalemic. The labs and the urine pH that tell them apart.

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium. The ECG changes and the correction rate rules.

Acute injury vs chronic decline. BUN/Cr ratio, urine sediment, and the staging.

Decreased perfusion drives renin, then aldosterone. Why ACE-I unmasks the lesion.

MCD, FSGS, Membranous, IgA, and Post-Strep sorted by biopsy, complement, and timing. Elimination rounds, drag-and-drop, and clinical vignettes.

Where each diuretic acts and the ototoxicity nobody mentions until clinical medicine.

Cystitis vs pyelonephritis, pregnancy, and empiric antibiotics.