Artery of the Ligamentum Teres and Femoral-Head Perfusion
Trace the foveal and retinacular routes, compare growth and injury patterns, and distinguish vascular anatomy from evidence of femoral-head ischemia.
Erb vs Klumpke: Brachial Plexus Injuries
The full roots-to-branches map: upper trunk Erb palsy versus lower trunk Klumpke palsy, with walkthroughs.
Celiac Trunk and Foregut Vascular Anatomy
Trace foregut arteries, portal drainage, and surgical landmarks to explain bleeding, ischemia, vascular compression, and safe operative decisions.
Deep Femoral Artery: Trace the Supply, Find the Injury
Trace the profunda femoris from thigh muscles to hip vessels, test collateral routes, and recognize deep arterial injury even when foot pulses remain present.
Inferior gluteal artery
Trace the inferior gluteal artery below piriformis, separate vascular from nerve injury, map hip collaterals, and recognize dangerous gluteal bleeding.
Maxillary dental nerves
Map upper tooth, palatal, and midface sensation through V2 branches, account for variable dental innervation, and interpret incomplete anesthesia accurately.
Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery: Routes to the Femoral Head
Trace femoral head blood supply, distinguish pediatric hip disease and fracture patterns, and explain vascular risk without treating one artery as the only route.
Superior gluteal artery: vessel, nerve, or joint?
Trace the superior gluteal vessels above piriformis, distinguish abductor dysfunction from painful hip restriction, and protect femoral head perfusion.
Ureter Blood Supply: Preserve the Connections
Follow ureteral arteries and pelvic crossings, explore wall perfusion versus urine flow, and apply the anatomy to surgical injury and transplantation.