Gram Stain Chart: From Appearance to Clinical Decisions
Read bacterial stains in context, compare major organisms, test processing errors, and practice safe diagnostic and treatment decisions with original cases.
Zoonotic Bacteria
HIV CNS Infections: Crypto, CMV, Toxo, PML
HIV CNS infection board review: cryptococcal meningitis, CMV retinitis, toxoplasmosis, and JC virus PML organized by CD4 count, imaging pattern, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical walkthroughs.
Meningitis: urgent decisions, CSF patterns and pathogen-specific care
Interpret meningitis through urgency, host risk and CSF patterns, then choose safe testing, empiric coverage and pathogen-specific treatment and follow-up.
Staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci: tests that change care
Interpret Gram-positive coccal tests, distinguish toxin effects and immune sequelae, and connect species, resistance, tissue and source control.
Group B Strep Across the Lifespan · Newborns and Diabetic Adults
Newborns and diabetic adults: neonatal early vs late onset, the CAMP/hippurate/bacitracin/PYR lab lineup, and invasive disease in adults.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mucositis and RIME
Pneumonic Plague
Lipopolysaccharide and Gram-Negative Septic Shock
Opportunistic infections: connect immune risk to the affected organ
Use immune status, involved organ, specimens and treatment timing to distinguish opportunistic disease in HIV and transplant recipients.
Malaria Prophylaxis in Pregnancy
TORCH and other perinatal infections: anatomy, timing and action
Compare congenital infection patterns, interpret maternal and infant tests, and choose timely prevention and treatment for TORCH and related pathogens.
Virus classification: from genomes to clinical decisions
Predict viral replication needs, connect tissue injury to clinical findings, interpret hepatitis tests, and compare antiviral targets and prevention decisions.
E. coli and Shigella: mechanism, tissue and treatment
Distinguish E. coli pathotypes and Shigella, recognize HUS, choose tissue-appropriate urinary therapy, and compare the major neighboring pathogens.
Neurosyphilis
Botulism: Recognize the Pattern, Protect Breathing
Localize presynaptic release failure, recognize cranial-first descending paralysis, identify the route, and coordinate support with antitoxin.
Measles, Mumps, Rubella: The MMR Split
Interactive board review that separates measles, mumps, and rubella by the one clue that matters: mouth, parotid, or posterior nodes and pregnancy.
Fungi and parasites: transmission routes, tissue forms and treatment decisions
Fungi and parasites for clinical practice: the systemic and opportunistic fungi plus the board-heavy protozoa, nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes, each by its exposure, clue, and treatment.
HIV Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Management 🔒
HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral management for clinical practice: fourth-generation testing algorithm, acute retroviral syndrome, ART for everyone, PrEP, PEP, IRIS, and CD4 prophylaxis thresholds.
Pneumococcus and acute otitis media: the organism, the ear and the treatment decision
Acute otitis media for clinical practice: S. pneumoniae as the top cause, the bulging erythematous tympanic membrane, the other organisms, and treatment, fully interactive.
Sepsis and Septic Shock · Hour-1 Bundle and Shock Physiology 🔒
Sepsis and septic shock on the medicine shelf: Sepsis-3 definitions, the Hour-1 bundle, qSOFA, norepinephrine, distributive shock, and source control, with original clinical vignettes.