Cardiology

Systolic vs diastolic, the Big Four, maneuvers, and HOCM, the exception that always shows up.

The low-frequency murmur of mitral and tricuspid stenosis. Where to listen, what it means.

Reversed splitting in aortic stenosis and LBBB. Why expiration widens the gap.

Pulmonic stenosis, RBBB, and ASD. Fixed split vs physiologic widening on inspiration.

Holosystolic at the apex, radiates to the axilla, louder with hand grip. AFib and surgery follow.

RCA occlusion hits the inferior wall, the AV node, and the RV simultaneously. Why nitro kills.

Morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE-I, heparin. The ED bundle.

V-fib in hours. Walls rupture in weeks. The timeline clinical medicine always test.

CO, preload, afterload, Frank-Starling, PV loops, valve lesion parameters, hypertrophy patterns, shock classification, and SVR/PVR.

Screening, the size thresholds for repair, and the rupture triad.

Statin intensity by ASCVD risk, LDL targets, and secondary causes.

The lateral lead vector, what it sees, and how to use it for axis deviation.

Vaughan-Williams classes I to IV. Sodium, beta, potassium, and calcium channel blockers, plus amiodarone's thyroid and lung toxicity.

Dilated vs hypertrophic vs restrictive. HOCM murmurs that worsen with Valsalva, and the cardiac causes of sudden death in young athletes.

A tear splits the aortic wall: the Stanford A vs B fork and why you slow the heart before dropping the pressure.