Recent Updates

Everything that's been added, rebuilt, or fixed.

Clinical Study Hubs · Study by Shelf

Study HubInternal MedicineCardio, pulm, GI, renal, endo, heme · the whole shelf, one map. Study HubPediatricsCongenital disease, inborn errors of metabolism, and development. Study HubSurgeryAcute abdomen, vascular, breast, and endocrine surgery. Study HubPsychiatryMood and psychotic disorders, personality, and psychopharm. Study HubOB / GYNObstetrics and gynecology, by trimester and by cycle. Study HubNeurologyStroke, movement, demyelinating disease, and localization. Study HubEmergency MedicineThe diagnoses that kill fast, and what reverses them. Study HubFamily MedicinePrevention, screening, and the common chronic diseases.

371+ deep-dives + 1 game

July 30, 2026

Crohn's Disease vs Ulcerative Colitis

Compare Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis by distribution, histology, complications, testing, treatment, and surgery.

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Acute Appendicitis

Diagnose acute appendicitis from pathophysiology, pain migration, examination, imaging, special populations, and complication-directed treatment.

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Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

Connect cirrhotic architecture and portal hypertension to decompensation, ascites, varices, encephalopathy, surveillance, and transplant referral.

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Acute Pancreatitis

Diagnose acute pancreatitis, identify its cause and severity, and choose current fluids, feeding, ERCP, antibiotic, and cholecystectomy decisions.

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Colorectal Cancer: Find It, Stage It, Treat It

Board-focused colorectal cancer epidemiology, presentation, screening, diagnosis, staging, surveillance, and stage-directed treatment.

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Jaundice Differential

A practical prehepatic, hepatocellular, and cholestatic framework using bilirubin fractions, urine clues, injury patterns, and first tests.

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Hepatitis Serologies

Deep hepatitis B serology patterns with window period, chronic and resolved infection, vaccination, HBV DNA, pregnancy, reactivation, HAV, HCV, and HDV.

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GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, and Peptic Ulcer Disease

A fast clinical sorting hub for GERD, erosive esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, H pylori, alarm features, testing, and treatment.

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Zinc Deficiency

Zinc absorption, acquired and inherited deficiency, skin and taste findings, testing limits, replacement, excess-zinc copper deficiency, niacin, and biotin.

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Zenker and Meckel Diverticula

Compare Zenker and Meckel diverticula by wall layers, anatomy, embryology, symptoms, complications, and diagnostic testing.

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Connect ATP7B failure to hepatic, neurologic, psychiatric, ocular, and hemolytic disease; combine diagnostic tests; and choose chelation, zinc, or transplant.

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Vitamin and Mineral Absorption

Map iron, folate, calcium, fat-soluble vitamins, bile salts, and vitamin B12 absorption and learn the R-protein-intrinsic-factor pathway and Peyer patches.

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Ventral Wall Defects

Compare gastroschisis, omphalocele, congenital umbilical hernia, and ventral fold closure defects with board-style clues.

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Tracheoesophageal Anomalies

Learn esophageal atresia, distal tracheoesophageal fistula, H-type fistula, polyhydramnios, tube findings, and gastric gas patterns.

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The Pectinate Line

Compare anatomy above and below the pectinate line, including innervation, blood supply, lymphatics, hemorrhoids, fissures, and malignancy.

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The Inguinal Canal

Learn inguinal canal walls, deep and superficial rings, Hesselbach triangle, spermatic cord layers, contents, and the myopectineal orifice.

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Sulfasalazine and 5-Aminosalicylates

Compare sulfasalazine and mesalamine delivery, ulcerative colitis use, limited Crohn utility, sulfonamide effects, nephrotoxicity, interactions, and monitoring.

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Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Diagnose and treat spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with paracentesis, PMN count, cultures, selected albumin use, and prophylaxis.

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Small-Bowel Obstruction

Identify the cause and transition point of small-bowel obstruction, detect strangulation, distinguish ileus, and choose nonoperative care or surgery.

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Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Recognize SIBO risk factors and malabsorption, interpret breath testing limitations, and separate antibiotic induction from recurrence prevention.

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Secondary Biliary Obstruction and Cirrhosis

Trace biliary obstruction through cholestatic labs, imaging, infection, decompression, and secondary fibrosis.

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Recognize Reye syndrome after viral illness and salicylate exposure, distinguish mimics, and manage its metabolic and neurologic emergencies.

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Retroperitoneal Structures

Learn primary and secondary retroperitoneal structures, SAD PUCKER exceptions, axial relationships, and clinical spread patterns.

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Proton Pump Inhibitors

Use proton pump inhibitors correctly by mechanism, premeal timing, indication, deprescribing, rebound counseling, adverse-effect evidence, and interaction review.

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Differentiate infectious, inflammatory, radiation, and ischemic proctitis using exposure history, examination, targeted testing, and cause-directed treatment.

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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis versus Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Compare PSC and PBC by duct distribution, epidemiology, associations, imaging, histology, treatment, transplant, and cancer surveillance.

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PPI-Associated Hypergastrinemia

Replace the legacy PPI hypergastrinemia route with feedback physiology, ECL effects, gastrin interpretation, rebound, differential diagnosis, and safe deprescribing.

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Portosystemic Anastomoses

Learn esophageal, paraumbilical, and anorectal portosystemic anastomoses, portal hypertension signs, and TIPS physiology.

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Porcelain Gallbladder

Classify porcelain gallbladder calcification, chronic cholecystitis association, imaging mimics, cancer-risk nuance, and individualized management.

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Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Compare gastric and duodenal ulcers, H pylori and NSAID mechanisms, hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and upper versus lower GI bleeding.

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Pancreatic Secretions and Carbohydrate Absorption

Learn pancreatic enzyme and bicarbonate secretion, trypsin activation, exocrine insufficiency, d-xylose logic, and SGLT1, GLUT5, and GLUT2 transport.

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Pancreatic Pseudocyst and Pancreatitis Complications

Distinguish acute pancreatic collections, pseudocyst, and walled-off necrosis, then choose imaging, observation, drainage, and step-up intervention.

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Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Recognize pancreatic adenocarcinoma, localize disease, interpret imaging and CA 19-9, and frame treatment by resectability.

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Pancreas and Spleen Embryology

Learn pancreatic bud derivatives, duct fusion, annular pancreas, pancreas divisum, and mesodermal splenic development.

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Use orlistat by its lipase mechanism, meal timing, modest weight effect, gastrointestinal adverse effects, interactions, and patient selection.

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Oral and Salivary Pathologies

Compare aphthous ulcers, oral squamous-cell carcinoma, sialolithiasis, sialadenitis, and common benign and malignant salivary tumors.

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Use octreotide for variceal hemorrhage, acromegaly, secretory tumors, and selected diarrhea syndromes while monitoring gallbladder, glucose, and cardiac effects.

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Normal Gastrointestinal Embryology

Learn foregut, midgut, and hindgut boundaries, stomach rotation, physiologic herniation, and the 270-degree midgut rotation.

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Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Distinguish physiologic and feeding-related jaundice from hemolysis, cholestasis, and bilirubin neurotoxicity using AAP 2022 management principles.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis

Recognize necrotizing enterocolitis, read pneumatosis and free air, apply Bell-style severity logic, and choose medical versus surgical management.

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Microscopic Colitis

Recognize collagenous and lymphocytic colitis, biopsy a normal-appearing colon correctly, and treat active or relapsing disease.

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Current MASLD and MASH terminology, fibrosis risk stratification, lifestyle therapy, metabolic treatment, liver-directed therapy, cirrhosis, and HCC risk.

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Malabsorption Syndromes

Compare celiac disease, lactose intolerance, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, tropical sprue, and Whipple disease using tests, histology, and systemic clues.

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Lynch syndrome: from tumor mismatch repair to prevention

Understand mismatch-repair genes and MSI, Lynch cancer patterns, universal tumor testing, germline confirmation, surveillance, and prevention.

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Locations of Gastrointestinal Secretory Cells

Map parietal, chief, ECL, G, D, I, S, K, and mucous cells through stomach and duodenum and trace vagal acid control.

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Liver Tissue Architecture

Learn hepatic lobules, portal triads, sinusoids, canaliculi, Kupffer and stellate cells, dual blood supply, and acinar zones 1 through 3.

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Liver Metastases and Secondary Tumors

Recognize liver metastasis sources, spread patterns, imaging clues, biopsy context, and colorectal treatment principles.

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Liver Enzymes and Synthetic Function

Interpret hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed liver tests using AST and ALT caveats, ALP and GGT, bilirubin, albumin, INR, platelets, and the R factor.

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Apply Rome IV criteria, assign IBS subtype, recognize alarm features, limit testing, and choose dietary, behavioral, and subtype-directed therapy.

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Intussusception

Diagnose ileocolic telescoping, recognize age-specific lead points, and choose enema reduction or surgery.

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Intestinal Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus

Recognize abnormal midgut rotation and fixation, diagnose volvulus quickly, and act before ischemia.

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Important Gastrointestinal Ligaments

Learn falciform, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal, gastrocolic, gastrosplenic, and splenorenal ligaments and their contents.

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Ileus: when the bowel pauses without a blockage

Recognize ileus, separate it from mechanical obstruction and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, and treat the cause while supporting the patient.

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Hirschsprung Disease

Learn neural crest migration failure, RET associations, distal aganglionosis, neonatal clues, diagnostic tests, enterocolitis, and pull-through surgery.

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Hereditary polyposis syndromes: gene, polyp, phenotype

Compare APC-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers, juvenile polyposis, and MUTYH polyposis, including cancer risk, surveillance, and prophylactic surgery.

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Apply HCC risk, surveillance, noninvasive imaging diagnosis, AFP limitations, staging, and stage-linked curative, locoregional, and systemic treatment.

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Hepatic Encephalopathy

2026 ACG-guided hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis, precipitants, ammonia limitations, lactulose, rifaximin, recurrence prevention, and post-TIPS disease.

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Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload

Compare HFE, non-HFE, and secondary iron overload using hepcidin biology, iron studies, MRI, genetics, organ injury, phlebotomy, chelation, and HCC surveillance.

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H2 Receptor Antagonists

Compare famotidine, cimetidine, and nizatidine by H2 blockade, indications, tolerance, renal dosing, CNS effects, interactions, and limits versus PPIs.

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Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar Syndromes

Compare Gilbert syndrome with Crigler-Najjar types I and II using bilirubin severity, triggers, phenobarbital response, neurotoxicity risk, and treatment.

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Gastrointestinal Secretory Products

Learn gastric acid, intrinsic factor, pepsin, mucus, and bicarbonate by source cell, regulation, function, and clinical consequences.

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Gastrointestinal Regulatory Substances

Learn gastrin, somatostatin, CCK, secretin, GIP, motilin, VIP, nitric oxide, and ghrelin by source, stimulus, action, and clinical use.

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Gastrointestinal Blood Supply and Innervation

Map foregut, midgut, and hindgut structures to celiac, SMA, IMA, vagal, pelvic splanchnic, and sympathetic innervation.

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Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia

Recognize gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, its right-colon pattern and systemic associations, and choose endoscopic and recurrence-directed therapy.

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Gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Compare acute, H pylori, autoimmune, and hypertrophic gastritis with intestinal and diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma and classic metastatic signs.

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Gallstone Ileus

Trace cholecystoenteric fistula formation, ectopic stone obstruction, Rigler triad limits, CT diagnosis, surgery, and recurrence.

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Esophagitis and Esophageal Injury

Compare reflux, pill, eosinophilic, infectious, and caustic esophagitis with Mallory-Weiss tears, Boerhaave rupture, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

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Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Distinguish Dubin-Johnson syndrome from Rotor syndrome using canalicular transport, hepatic reuptake, black liver pigment, and urinary coproporphyrins.

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Diverticular Disease and Diverticulitis

Distinguish diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and uncomplicated or complicated diverticulitis using CT findings and current management.

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Digestive Tract Anatomy and Histology

Learn the MSMS gut-wall layers, enteric plexuses, regional gastrointestinal histology, villi, crypts, Brunner glands, Peyer patches, and slow waves.

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Congenital Intestinal Obstruction

Compare duodenal, jejunal, and ileal atresia with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis using timing, emesis, imaging, and mechanism.

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Colorectal Cancer Molecular Pathways

A clinically integrated map of CIN, APC, KRAS, TP53, mismatch repair, MSI, BRAF, CIMP, serrated lesions, inherited patterns, testing, and therapy.

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Colon polyps: histology, pathway, and surveillance

Compare hyperplastic polyps, conventional adenomas, and serrated lesions; recognize villous and dysplastic risk; and apply post-polypectomy surveillance concepts.

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Chronic Pancreatitis and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

Connect chronic pancreatic fibrosis and calcification to pain, exocrine insufficiency, diabetes, imaging, fecal elastase, enzyme therapy, and complications.

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Chronic mesenteric and colonic ischemia

Distinguish chronic mesenteric ischemia from ischemic colitis by timing, vascular territory, imaging, endoscopy, and severity.

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Cholelithiasis and Biliary Colic

Compare cholesterol and pigment stones, biliary colic, ultrasound findings, management, and complications.

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Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholangitis

Recognize bile duct stones and cholangitis using labs, imaging, severity, antibiotics, drainage, and ERCP.

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Cholangiocarcinoma

Compare intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma using risks, cholestasis, imaging, tissue strategy, CA 19-9 limits, and current therapy.

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Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Portal Vein Thrombosis

Compare hepatic venous outflow obstruction with portal inflow thrombosis, then connect risk, imaging, and treatment.

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Distinguish gastric, midgut, sigmoid, and cecal volvulus by risk group, imaging, ischemia risk, and treatment.

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Bismuth, Sucralfate, and Misoprostol

Compare bismuth, sucralfate, and misoprostol mechanisms, clinical uses, interaction spacing, pregnancy implications, and renal and aluminum cautions.

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Biliary Atresia

Recognize neonatal cholestasis, understand the limits of ultrasound and HIDA, and move quickly from suspicion to Kasai portoenterostomy or transplant.

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Bile and Bilirubin

Learn bile composition, bile-acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation, ileal bile-salt loss, oxalate stones, and bilirubin metabolism.

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Benign Liver Tumors

Distinguish hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma by demographics, imaging, bleeding risk, molecular subtype, and management.

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Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer

Learn Barrett intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia progression, esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma risk factors, locations, and presentation.

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Autoimmune Hepatitis

Diagnose autoimmune hepatitis using serology, IgG, interface hepatitis, mimic exclusion, immunosuppression, and relapse patterns.

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Compare 5-HT3, dopamine, NK1, antihistamine, antimuscarinic, and cannabinoid antiemetics across chemotherapy, postoperative, motion, and gastroparesis settings.

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Antidiarrheal Drugs

Compare loperamide, diphenoxylate, bismuth, bile acid binders, and selected antisecretory therapy with contraindications, interactions, and toxicity risks.

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Anticonstipation Drugs

Compare bulk, osmotic, stimulant, stool-softening, secretagogue, GC-C, 5-HT4, and NHE3 drugs by mechanism, subtype, limitations, and adverse effects.

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Compare aluminum, magnesium, and calcium antacids by neutralization, onset, bowel effects, mineral disturbances, renal risk, drug binding, and short-term use.

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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease

Connect SERPINA1 codominant inheritance, hepatocyte polymer retention, pathology, testing, surveillance, and transplantation.

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Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Clinical reasoning for alcohol-associated steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, severity assessment, treatment, and transplant referral.

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Acute mesenteric ischemia

Recognize arterial, nonocclusive, and venous acute mesenteric ischemia and act on CTA findings before infarction.

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Acute Cholecystitis and Biliary Disease

Distinguish calculous and acalculous cholecystitis using Murphy sign, ultrasound, HIDA, complications, antibiotics, and source control.

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Acid Suppression Physiology

Map acetylcholine, gastrin, histamine, ECL cells, inhibitory feedback, meal timing, and the consequences of sustained gastric acid suppression.

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Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders

Compare achalasia, distal esophageal spasm, scleroderma esophagus, and mechanical obstruction using symptoms, barium studies, and manometry.

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Abdominal Aorta and Branches

Learn abdominal aortic branches, celiac-SMA-IMA levels, colonic watershed areas, nutcracker syndrome, and superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

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Abdominal and Groin Hernias

Compare indirect, direct, femoral, diaphragmatic, hiatal, and Spigelian hernias with vessel relationships and complication risk.

July 29, 2026

July 28, 2026

Stages of Change Communication

Master stages of change, stage-matched counseling, relapse re-entry, and board-style communication choices for smoking cessation.

Healthcare Management and Payment

Compare Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, COBRA, plan networks, payment incentives, fraud laws, and EMTALA with board-focused decision rules.

Confidentiality, Disclosure, and the Duty to Protect

Master confidentiality, HIPAA disclosure pathways, serious-threat exceptions, EPT variability, and patient-centered delivery of difficult news.

Medical Law and Jurisprudence

Learn capacity versus competence, surrogates, advance directives, assent, EMTALA, malpractice, and error disclosure through board-style cases.

Medical Ethics Principles and Informed Refusal

Master autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, informed consent, informed refusal, emergency exceptions, and board-style ethics reasoning.

July 16, 2026

Centriacinar vs Panacinar Emphysema

Build the pulmonary acinus, predict emphysema distribution, and connect alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency to lung and liver disease.

July 13, 2026

Androgen Insensitivity vs 5-Alpha-Reductase

Sexual differentiation for clinical practice: AIS vs 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, the hormone levels, external vs internal genitalia, and puberty changes, in an interactive comparison.

Autonomic Failure: Orthostatic Hypotension Workup

Autonomic failure for clinical practice: orthostatic hypotension, Shy-Drager and multiple system atrophy, and baroreflex failure, with interactive reflex arcs and board vignettes.

EKG Interpretation: Rate, Rhythm, Axis & Intervals

Read any EKG for clinical practice: a stepwise approach to rate, rhythm, axis, intervals, and ischemia, with interactive tracings and pattern recognition built for the exam.

July 12, 2026

Spinal Cord Syndromes: Brown-Sequard & More

Cord syndromes for clinical practice: Brown-Sequard, anterior cord, central cord, posterior column, and subacute combined degeneration, mapped onto the cord cross-section interactively.

Dermatomes: The Tiny Landmark Levels

Dermatome landmarks for clinical practice: the exact nerve root levels for the hand, foot, nipple, umbilicus, and groin, plus how to split a nerve root from a peripheral nerve. Interactive board prep.

Heart Failure: Systolic vs Diastolic, Left vs Right

Heart failure for clinical practice: HFrEF vs HFpEF, left vs right failure, the compensatory neurohormonal cascade, and guideline therapy, with interactive pathophysiology.

June 23, 2026

The Complement System: C3b, Factor H and the Cascade

How the three complement pathways converge on C3b, the amplification loop, MAC formation, and Factor H regulation. Board-style cases on Neisseria, PNH, hereditary angioedema, and aHUS.

Complement Deficiencies: HAE, PNH, aHUS and the Neisseria Trap

Complement deficiency syndromes for medical education: C1 inhibitor deficiency and hereditary angioedema, DAF/CD59 loss in PNH, terminal C5 to C9 and properdin and Neisseria, Factor H/I in atypical HUS and dense deposit disease, C3 deficiency, early classical C1/C2/C4 and lupus-like disease.

Immune Cell Lineage: Hematopoiesis From Stem Cell to Every Immune Cell

Immune cell lineage and hematopoiesis for Medical Education: the CD34 positive hematopoietic stem cell, common myeloid progenitor, common lymphoid progenitor, surface markers, and board traps.

Electrolyte Emergencies: Crisis Orders

Electrolyte crisis-order drill for hyperkalemia, sodium, calcium, and magnesium: stabilize first, shift or replace when appropriate, correct safely, and avoid the speed traps.

Superior Gluteal Artery: The Hip Abductor Vessel

The superior gluteal artery for clinical practice: the only structure above piriformis, the abductor supply, and why it is the classic distractor when the femoral head dies in Legg-Calve-Perthes.

Inferior Gluteal Artery: The Femoral-Head AVN Distractor

The inferior gluteal artery for clinical practice: a terminal branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac that exits below the piriformis with the sciatic nerve. Learn why it is the classic distractor when the femoral-head AVN answer is the medial circumflex femoral.

Artery of the Ligamentum Teres: The Foveal Trap in Femoral Head Supply

The artery of the ligament of the head of the femur: origin from the obturator artery, course through the ligamentum teres to the fovea capitis, its minor and regressing role, and why it is the classic distractor in pediatric femoral head avascular necrosis.

Deep Femoral Artery: The Femoral-Head Trap

Why the deep femoral artery is the classic distractor for femoral-head avascular necrosis. Full artery anatomy, the one-step-too-proximal trap, and why the medial circumflex femoral wins.

Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery: Femoral Head Blood Supply & AVN

The medial circumflex femoral artery is the main blood supply to the femoral head and neck. Why it is the answer in Legg-Calve-Perthes, hip dislocation, SCFE, and femoral neck fracture, with interactive vascular anatomy.

June 19, 2026

Palliative and Legal Ethics Ambush: Hospice, Reporting, Abandonment, Blood Refusal

Board-prep decision lab for palliative care, hospice, mandatory reporting, patient dismissal, abandonment, next-of-kin traps, surrogate decisions, DNR orders, and refusal of blood products.

Abnormal Gait Recognition: Visual Neuro Localizer

Abnormal gait recognition for clinical practice: Parkinsonian, magnetic, ataxic, hemiplegic, scissoring, steppage, Trendelenburg, waddling, antalgic, and choreiform gait patterns with interactive motion drills.

June 18, 2026

Psoas Syndrome and the Opposite-Motion Rule

Interactive board-style review for Psoas Syndrome and the Opposite-Motion Rule: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Parkinson Disease: TRAP & Lewy Bodies

Parkinson disease for clinical practice: tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, substantia nigra loss, Lewy bodies, and alpha-synuclein, with interactive pathology and vignettes.

Alpha Blockers: Selective vs Non-Selective

Alpha blockers for boards: alpha-1 selective vs non-selective, uses in BPH and pheochromocytoma, and orthostatic hypotension, interactive.

Adrenergic Receptors: Alpha vs Beta Effects

Adrenergic receptors for boards: alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3, where each lives and what it does, with the agonist and antagonist effects, fully interactive.

Rib Dysfunction: Inhalation vs Exhalation, Pump vs Bucket

Master rib mechanics for medical board review: inhalation and exhalation dysfunction, pump-handle vs bucket-handle motion, key rib, and muscle energy treatment, interactive.

Cervical Spine OMM: OA, AA & C2-C7 Mechanics

Diagnose and treat cervical somatic dysfunction for medical board review: OA, AA, and typical C2-C7 coupling, with interactive motion testing and muscle energy walkthroughs.

Parkinsonism: Tremor, Rigidity & Bradykinesia

Parkinsonism for boards: the cardinal motor signs, nigrostriatal dopamine loss, and the drug-induced and atypical mimics, with interactive circuits and board vignettes.

Leukemias: ALL vs AML vs CLL vs CML

The four leukemias for boards: ALL, AML, CLL, and CML by age, blast type, and the defining clue, in an interactive comparison.

Galactose & Fructose Metabolism: Classic Enzyme Defects

Sugar metabolism for boards: galactosemia, classic galactosemia vs galactokinase, and fructose intolerance vs essential fructosuria, with the enzyme defects mapped interactively.

Amino Acid Catabolism & Liver Enzymes

Amino acid catabolism for boards: transamination, AST and ALT, glucogenic vs ketogenic amino acids, and ammonia disposal, in one interactive metabolic map for Step 1.

June 15, 2026

Fascial Subtypes: Why the Joint Capsule Is Deep Fascia

The fascial subtypes for boards: superficial, deep, parietal, visceral, and subserous fascia. Learn why the joint capsule is deep fascia, with an animated layer dissection, a sorting game, and board-style vignettes.

June 14, 2026

Hemoglobin and O2 Dissociation

How hemoglobin's cooperative T to R shift makes the sigmoidal O2 dissociation curve, and what shifts P50 left or right: Bohr effect, 2,3-DPG, CO, and fetal Hb.

June 13, 2026

Hemoglobin and O2 Dissociation Curve

Hemoglobin structure and the oxygen dissociation curve for boards: positive cooperativity and the T to R transition, the Bohr effect, P50, right and left shifts, fetal hemoglobin, sickle cell, CO poisoning, and methemoglobinemia, with an interactive curve and board-style vignettes.

Adrenal Insufficiency: Addison, Secondary, and Crisis

Interactive boards review for Adrenal Insufficiency: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Substance Intoxication and Withdrawal

Interactive board-style review of Substance Intoxication and Withdrawal: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Anxiety and OCD Disorders

Interactive board-style review of Anxiety and OCD Disorders: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Trauma and PTSD Disorders

Interactive board-style review of Trauma and PTSD Disorders: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Eating Disorders

Interactive board-style review of Eating Disorders: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Somatic Symptom Disorders: Body Signals and Mind Loops

Interactive board-style review of Somatic Symptom Disorders: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

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Interactive board-style review of Anaphylaxis: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Immunization Schedules: Birth to Adolescence

Interactive board-style review of Immunization Schedules: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Acute Intermittent Porphyria: PBG Deaminase

Interactive board-style review of Acute Intermittent Porphyria: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Interactive board-style review of Trace Minerals: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

All Amino Acids

Interactive board-style review of All Amino Acids: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Collagen Synthesis and Disorders

Interactive board-style review of Collagen Synthesis and Disorders: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K | clinical reference

Interactive board-style review of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

B Vitamins: Thiamine, Niacin, and Cofactor Deficiencies

B vitamin deficiency diseases for clinical practice: Wernicke's encephalopathy, pellagra, beriberi, B12 vs folate anemia. Interactive vignettes and mechanism animation.

Animal Farm: The Zoonotic Bacteria You Catch From Animals

Interactive board-style review of Animal Farm: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Interactive board-style review of Osteoporosis: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Which Nerve Feels That Tooth? Maxillary Dental Innervation

Interactive board-style review of Which Nerve Feels That Tooth? Maxillary Dental Innervation: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Smoking Cessation

Interactive board-style review of Smoking Cessation: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Tobacco Control

Interactive board-style review of Tobacco Control: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cystic Fibrosis Genetics

Interactive board-style review of Cystic Fibrosis Genetics: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Hemophilic Arthropathy and Hemarthrosis

A board-study deep dive on hemophilic hemarthrosis, chronic hemophilic arthropathy, factor replacement decisions, inhibitors, and common exam traps.

Bleeding and Coagulation Disorder Decoder

Interactive board-style review of Bleeding and Coagulation Disorder Decoder: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Hemolytic Anemias: Intravascular vs Extravascular

Interactive board-style review of Hemolytic Anemias: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cellular Injury

Interactive board-style review of Cellular Injury: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Breast and Axilla Masses

Interactive board-style review of Breast and Axilla Masses: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Toxidromes and Antidotes: Poison Recognition

Interactive board-style review of Toxidromes and Antidotes: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Foscarnet Electrolyte Abnormalities

Interactive board-style review of Foscarnet Electrolyte Abnormalities: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Bone Loss

Interactive board-style review of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Antiviral Drugs: Mechanisms and Interactions

Interactive board-style review of Antiviral Drugs: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic-androgenic steroids: nuclear receptor mechanism, HPG axis suppression, doping lab fingerprints, and board-style vignettes with interactive matching game.

Antibiotics: Mechanisms and Coverage by Class

Antibiotics for clinical practice: cell-wall, protein-synthesis, DNA, and folate inhibitors, the coverage and key toxicity of each class, in an interactive mechanism map.

Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and HELLP

Interactive board-style review of Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and HELLP: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Interactive board-style review of Ectopic Pregnancy: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Placenta Previa vs Abruptio Placentae

Interactive board-style review of Placenta Previa vs Abruptio Placentae: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cervical Cancer Screening, HPV and Dysplasia

Cervical cancer screening for clinical practice: HPV oncogenes, Pap and HPV co-testing, CIN/LSIL/HSIL management, colposcopy, and board traps, fully interactive.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Interactive board-style review of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Interactive board-style review of Contraception: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Primary Amenorrhea: Workup by Uterus and Breasts

Interactive board-style review of Primary Amenorrhea: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Aortic Dissection

Interactive board-style review of Aortic Dissection: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Interactive board-style review of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Dyslipidemia and Lipid Management

Interactive board-style review of Dyslipidemia and Lipid Management: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Stasis and Ulcers

Interactive board-style review of Chronic Venous Insufficiency: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cardiac Myocyte Action Potential

Interactive board-style review of Cardiac Myocyte Action Potential: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Systolic Murmur Localizer: Where You Hear It, Which Valve

Interactive board-style review of Systolic Murmur Localizer: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Rotator Cuff Disease and Subacromial Impingement Deep Dive

Interactive board-style review of Rotator Cuff Disease and Subacromial Impingement Deep Dive: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Interactive board-style review of Scoliosis: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Deep Dive

Thoracic outlet syndrome board review with anatomy, vascular and neurologic patterns, mimics, provocative tests, and original board-style vignettes.

Tension Pneumothorax

Interactive board-style review of Tension Pneumothorax: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cystic Fibrosis

Interactive board-style review of Cystic Fibrosis: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Urinary Tract Infections

Interactive board-style review of Urinary Tract Infections: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Sodium and Osmolality Disorders

Interactive board-style review of Sodium and Osmolality Disorders: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Nephrolithiasis

Interactive board-style review of Nephrolithiasis: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Interactive board-style review of Guillain-Barre Syndrome: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Interactive board-style review of Bell Palsy: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Acute Ischemic Stroke Management: tPA, Thrombectomy and BP

Interactive board-style review of Acute Ischemic Stroke Management: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Peripheral Vertigo and BPPV

Interactive board-style review of Peripheral Vertigo and BPPV: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cervical Roots, Decoded: C5 to T1 Localization

Interactive board-style review of Cervical Roots, Decoded: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Sciatica, Decoded: Which Nerve Root Is It?

Interactive board-style review of Sciatica, Decoded: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Aphasias: Broca vs Wernicke vs Conduction

Interactive board-style review of Aphasias: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm: Hypertensive Bleed

Interactive board-style review of Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Neurodegeneration Decoder

Interactive board-style review of Neurodegeneration Decoder: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Wet, Wacky, Wobbly

Normal pressure hydrocephalus for boards: the wet-wacky-wobbly triad, deep hemispheric white matter mechanism, high-volume LP tap test, and VP shunt candidacy.

Cortical Stroke Syndromes: ACA vs MCA vs PCA

Cortical strokes for clinical practice: ACA leg-dominant, MCA face and arm with aphasia, and PCA visual deficits, with the homunculus mapped onto vessels interactively.

Headache Differentials: Migraine, Cluster, Tension

Interactive board-style review of Headache Differentials: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Cranial Strain Patterns: SBS Dysfunctions

Learn cranial strain patterns for medical board review: torsion, sidebending rotation, vertical and lateral strains at the SBS, with interactive cranial motion diagrams.

Osteopathic Special Tests: Provocative Exam Maneuvers

The hands-on special tests for medical board review: straight leg raise, Spurling, Trendelenburg, drop arm, and more, with what each maneuver rules in, fully interactive.

Cranial Strain Patterns: Reading the Mechanism of Injury

Interactive board-style review of Cranial Strain Patterns: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Lymphatic OMT: Pumps and Pathway Techniques

Interactive board-style review of Lymphatic OMT: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

Upper and Lower Extremity OMM: Joint Dysfunctions

Extremity OMM for medical board review: shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle somatic dysfunction with the autonomic links, in one interactive review.

Zink Common Compensatory Pattern: Fascial Diagonals

Interactive board-style review of Zink Common Compensatory Pattern: high-yield clues, traps, and physician-reviewed board walkthroughs.

June 12, 2026

June 11, 2026

Pituitary Tumors, SIADH & Diabetes Insipidus

Posterior pituitary for clinical practice: SIADH vs central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the sodium and osmolality pattern, the water deprivation test, fully interactive.

Adult Prevention & Screening: Who Gets What & When

Adult preventive care that actually shows up: cancer screening ages and intervals, vaccines, and the USPSTF recommendations, in an interactive who-gets-what guide.

June 8, 2026

The Lymphatic System: Organs, Histology and Drainage

Lymphatic system immunology and anatomy for clinical reference: primary organs, secondary organs, histology, thoracic and right lymphatic ducts, node clusters and differentials.

June 6, 2026

Soft Tissue Techniques: Direct OMT Stretch, Traction, and Inhibition

Soft tissue technique made test-ready: a group of DIRECT osteopathic techniques that engage the restrictive barrier through parallel traction, perpendicular traction, and direct inhibitory pressure. Learn the board discriminators that separate press from pull, parallel from perpendicular, and direct from indirect, with interactive force-vector games and clinical vignettes.

June 5, 2026

June 3, 2026

May 31, 2026

Fryette's Principles

Corrected Law I notation, repaired verified anatomy images, and tightened the OA, AA, and C2-C7 mechanics traps.

May 29, 2026

Your patient is anemic. That's the easy part. Now figure out why.

May 28, 2026

May 23, 2026

May 22, 2026

May 21, 2026

Frank-Starling Mechanism

Stretch more, squeeze harder. Preload curves, the failing heart shift, cardiomyopathy hemodynamics. 25 vignettes with cross-out.

Celiac Trunk Anatomy

Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic. Three branches feeding everything above the transverse colon. 25 board vignettes.

Descending flaccid paralysis. SNARE cleavage, infant vs foodborne vs wound, BabyBIG, tetanus comparison. 25 board vignettes.

E. coli vs Shigella

Invasive vs toxigenic diarrhea. EHEC vs EIEC vs Shigella: same bloody stool, three different killing mechanisms. 25 vignettes.

Chromosomal Translocations

Chromosomal Translocations in Hematologic Malignancies: t9;22, t14;18, t8;14, t11;14, t15;17, t11;22. Match game, flip cards, elimination, board walkthrough.

Ureter Blood Supply

Three arteries, three danger zones. Why surgeons ligate the uterine artery and sometimes cut the ureter doing it. 25 vignettes.

Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressors

RAS, MYC, RB, p53, BRCA, APC, VHL. Gain-of-function vs loss-of-function. Two-hit hypothesis. Board vignettes with cross-out.

6-MP, Allopurinol & Antimetabolites

Azathioprine to 6-MP, xanthine oxidase, the allopurinol dose-cut rule. Methotrexate, 5-FU, hydroxyurea. 25 board vignettes.

Autoantibodies & Drug-Induced Lupus

ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-histone, anti-centromere, anti-Scl-70. Drug-induced lupus triggers. 25 board vignettes.

Scoliosis/SART interaction, lumbar somatic dysfunction walkthrough, 25 clinical vignettes. Drag through the exam sequence, answer clinical questions, cross out wrong answers.

May 20, 2026

CO, preload, afterload, Frank-Starling, PV loops, valve lesion parameters, concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy, shock classification, and SVR/PVR. Interactive diagrams and clinical vignettes.

May 18, 2026

ATP Famine: Rapidly Dividing Cells

Why low ATP hits fast-dividing tissue first, how reversible injury becomes irreversible, and which organs get protected when energy runs out.

Glycogen Storage Diseases

Von Gierke, Pompe, Cori, and McArdle sorted by enzyme, storage site, symptoms, and the board clue that gives each one away.

Coagulation Cascade

PT, PTT, thrombin, factor X, and the drug families that cut the clotting circuit at each step.

May 17, 2026

Lead blocks ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase, so heme synthesis stalls and basophilic stippling explains the paint-chip kid.

Fragile X Syndrome

The CGG repeat expansion that silences FMR1, stacks macroorchidism at puberty, and sits behind the #1 cause of inherited intellectual disability.

Abetalipoproteinemia

MTP mutation traps fat in enterocytes: no chylomicrons form, fat-soluble vitamins A D E K crash, acanthocytes pile up on the smear, and spinocerebellar ataxia closes in.

May 16, 2026

Digoxin · Bone Wizardry

Block the pump. Flood the cell. Save the heart. The drug that poisons the Na/K-ATPase on purpose · and somehow that makes the heart squeeze harder.

Prostate Cancer Drugs

Flutamide, leuprolide, degarelix, abiraterone, docetaxel → sort receptor blockade from hormone suppression

Hypothalamic & Pituitary Drugs

GnRH, GH, dopamine, ADH, and oxytocin drugs in one board-clean endocrine map

May 15, 2026

May 14, 2026

The Gut Flora Pharmacy

Bacteria synthesize K, Biotin, Folate. B12 must arrive from diet. Newborn sterile gut has no factory. That is why IM Vitamin K is given at birth.

The Cancer Cascade

Alpha stops at skin. Beta reaches GI. Gamma hits marrow. Why radiation type determines which cancer comes first.

May 13, 2026

Newborn Screening: The 48-Hour Heel Stick

The Guthrie card, tandem mass spec, and 35+ conditions caught before symptoms. Why 24 to 48 hours after the first feeding is the only window that matters.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease: When Leucine Becomes Poison

A day-5 newborn with poor feeding, opisthotonos, and a sweet maple smell on the diaper. One broken enzyme complex backs up three amino acids and leucine poisons the brain.

Intracranial Hemorrhages: 3 Bleeds, 3 Fingerprints

Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid. Same skull, three different layers, three different vessels, three different death notices. By the end you will read the CT before they tell you the trauma.

Brainstem Stroke Syndromes

Four classic patterns. Four tiny arteries. Same trick every time: cranial nerve sign on one side, body sign on the other. That crossed pattern IS the brainstem.

Cerebral Cortex: 4 Lobes, Every Function Mapped

Four lobes carry every function the brain performs. Kill a lobe, kill its function. Know the map, read the deficit.

Conus Medullaris + Cauda Equina + LP Landmarks

Where the spinal cord ends and the horse-tail of nerve roots begins. Conus at L1-L2 in adults, L2-L3 in kids. LP at L3-L4 or L4-L5 to stay below. Conus medullaris vs cauda equina syndrome: one is symmetric and early-bladder, the other asymmetric and surgical-emergency.

Spinal Stenosis: When the Canal Squeezes the Cord

The canal narrows. The walking distance shrinks. The shopping cart becomes a walker. Learn the one move that opens the canal back up.

Tyramine Crisis: the cheese reaction

Hypertensive crisis on MAOIs. Mechanism, forbidden foods, phentolamine first-line, and the serotonin-syndrome trap.

Niemann-Pick Disease

Niemann-Pick disease: sphingomyelinase deficiency, sphingomyelin storage, foam cells, hepatosplenomegaly, cherry-red macula. Types A, B, C side by side with Tay-Sachs.

The Spondylo Quartet

Spondylitis. Spondylosis. Spondylolysis. Spondylolisthesis. They share the same root and nothing else. One inflames. One ages. One fractures. One slips. By the end of this page you will never mix them up again.

Wernicke + Korsakoff: Thiamine, Before Glucose, Always

Thiamine runs four enzymes the brain cannot live without. Take it away, and the mammillary bodies are the first to fall. Give glucose without thiamine in a chronic drinker, and you just precipitated Wernicke.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

CSF pressure climbs, the optic discs swell, vision flickers out for seconds at a time. No tumor on imaging. The body is doing it to itself, and the patient is almost always an obese woman of reproductive age.

Tay-Sachs Disease

Tay-Sachs disease: Hex A deficiency, GM2 ganglioside accumulation, cherry-red macula, hyperacusis, no HSM. Ashkenazi infant board pattern, side by side with Niemann-Pick.

PKU: When Phenylalanine Becomes Poison

One missing enzyme. A baby who never makes melanin, dopamine, or serotonin. The musty smell on the diaper that names the disease.

Neural Tube Defects: when the neuropore won't close

Open vs closed NTDs, AFP screening logic, spina bifida spectrum, folate prevention. Built for clinical practice at 2am.

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Missing vermis. Ballooning 4th ventricle. A head that keeps growing because the CSF has nowhere to go. Here is how to spot it on the prenatal scan and never confuse it with Arnold-Chiari again.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

When the cerebellum hangs into the foramen magnum. Type I sneaks up on the young adult; Type II crashes the newborn nursery.

CNS Embryology: Neural Tube vs Neural Crest

One sheet of ectoderm folds inward and becomes the brain. A handful of cells peel off the edge and become almost everything else above the diaphragm. Get the split right and twenty clinical questions become one.

Restless Leg Syndrome

Willis-Ekbom. URGE mnemonic. Iron-dopamine pathway. Pramipexole augmentation and the gabapentin save.

A young patient with a copper plumbing problem. The bile drain is broken, the metal piles up, and three organs pay the price: liver, brain, eye.

May 12, 2026

The Vascular Atlas

REWORKED Territory Map: inferior Circle-of-Willis view of the brain with six semantic palettes, animated vessel trail on tap, Route / Pattern / Pearl card per artery

The Psammoma Club

BUFFED histology section: hand-drawn schematic of Orphan Annie eye + psammoma body sits beside the real H&E slide so you learn what to hunt for. ADDED ferruginous body photo to the asbestos section.

The Bleach Factory

FIXED cramped bleach-circuit diagram: viewBox widened, nodes spaced apart, enzyme labels no longer overlap. BUFFED active nodes with a breathing glow pulse so the active step feels alive.

Where Cancer Lands

REWORKED Where Cancer Lands: animated grey-white junction SVG, body map redesign, most common liver cancer reveal

The Pancreatic Villains

REWORKED Signature Moves: 5 cinematic vignettes. BUFFED page nav: single arrows. FIXED dial pivot in Safari

Prescryption v3

v3 schema is live across 60 cards. Map gen is procedural now: three distinct events from a pool of five, no template repeats. Elite mini-boss nodes show up 50% of the time pre-boss, branching forks 55% of the time per slot. Attending's Office and Consult are wired. A 10-relic system picks 3 at run start and again after every elite win. Map got redesigned as a mahogany tabletop with stamped wax seals per node. Death-screen restart is fixed, tooltips auto-hide at 15s with an opacity fade. Landing now shows the real deck size: 7 rotations, 1,965 drugs, 686 diseases.

OMM Fundamentals

New OMM deep-dive

May 11, 2026

Cholesterol Synthesis · Hook Cards

Added tap-to-unblur memory hook cards to the Hook section. Night Shift Factory, Statin Side Effect logic, PCSK9 bouncer.

Beta Oxidation · Duplicate Hero

Bugfix: duplicate h1/hero block removed. Page now has one clean hero with related-page links inline.

May 6, 2026

Radial Head Somatic Dysfunction

Supination tests, Spencer protocol, HVLA/MET/BLT for a radial head stuck in the past. Segmental diagnosis chain with clinical vignettes.

May 5, 2026

Autonomic Nervous System for OMM

T1-L2 SNS vs S2-4 PSNS spinal level rules, Chapman reflex points, facilitated segment logic for board stems.

Cranial PSNS Techniques

CV4, EV4, fluid drive mechanics, four vagus-governed cranial nerves with tap-to-reveal lesion patterns.

May 1, 2026

New interactive page. 55 high-yield memory hooks and acronyms for psychiatry, GI, renal, endocrine, and more. Rapid-fire cards for final review.

April 29, 2026

Gluconeogenesis

New page. Rate-limiting enzyme, bypass reactions, glucagon vs insulin regulation. Board quiz: metformin mechanism + F2,6BP inhibition.

April 28, 2026

Viscerosomatic Reflexes

New page. Spinal segment-to-organ map: T1-T5 cardiac, T6-T9 GI, L1-L2 pelvic. Diagnostic and treatment implications.

Fryette's Principles

New page. Laws I, II, III. Neutral vs non-neutral mechanics. FRS/ERS/NSR/NSL naming conventions.

Gram Stain Reference

New page. 37 organisms with stain, morphology, virulence, and first-line treatment. Interactive filter by category + pattern quiz.

Schizophrenia & Mood Disorders

New page. Positive/negative symptoms, DSM criteria, mood episode types, bipolar I vs II, cyclothymia.

Multiple Myeloma & MGUS

New page. CRAB criteria, SPEP M-spike, Bence Jones proteins, smoldering vs active disease, MGUS progression risk.

TORCH Infections

New page. Toxo, Other, Rubella, CMV, HSV. Timing of transmission, fetal findings, maternal treatment.

New page. Alzheimer's, Lewy body, FTD, vascular, CJD. Tau vs TDP-43, cortical vs subcortical pattern, reversible mimics.

Antipsychotics, Mood Stabilizers & Anxiolytics

New page. Typical vs atypical, EPS ladder, lithium toxicity, benzo mechanism and reversal.

New page. MEN 1, MEN 2A/2B, RET mutation, pheo workup before surgery.

New page. SCC/ADC/SCLC/large cell locations and staining. Paraneoplastic syndromes, Pancoast, Lambert-Eaton, SVC syndrome.

New page. Berlin criteria, lung-protective ventilation, plateau pressure, driving pressure, prone positioning.

New page. Wells score, V/Q vs CTA-PE, submassive vs massive, tPA criteria, PERC rule, Virchow's triad.

Antiarrhythmics

New page. Vaughan Williams I-IV, Na/K/Ca/beta targets, pro-arrhythmia risks, Torsades triggers.

Cardiomyopathies

New page. Dilated/hypertrophic/restrictive patterns, LVEF, HOCM dynamic outflow obstruction, maneuvers that worsen/improve murmur.

Cell Cycle & Apoptosis

New page. G1/S/G2/M checkpoints, p53 guardian role, Rb tumor suppressor, cyclins/CDKs, intrinsic vs extrinsic apoptosis.

DNA Replication & Repair

New page. MMR/NER/BER/NHEJ mechanisms, microsatellite instability, Lynch syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, BRCA.

Purine & Pyrimidine Synthesis

New page. De novo vs salvage, gout pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency = SCID.

April 27, 2026

Glycogen Metabolism

New page. Glycogenesis vs glycogenolysis, G6P branch point, liver vs muscle glycogen function, hormonal regulation.

clinical medicine Study Path

New page. clinical practice timeline, resource stack, spaced repetition schedule, high-yield topic priority list.

New page. Whipple's triad, fasting hypoglycemia, C-peptide elevated, 72-hour fast, surgical resection.

Bilateral hilar LAD, high calcium, non-caseating granulomas · detective game

Aspiration route, foul sputum, air-fluid level, anaerobes · RLL focus

Antidiabetic Drug Classes

GLP-1 vs SGLT2 mortality wins, HF traps, 6-class duel · decision tree

Scoliosis · Naming, Classification & the Rib Hump

Naming by convexity, rib hump mechanics, structural vs functional · spine demo

Piriformis Syndrome · The Deep Buttock Squeeze

Deep buttock pain, sciatic trap, figure-4 stretch, externally rotated hip

Lenticulostriate Strokes

Lacunar syndromes, no cortical signs, PLIC vs thalamus · brain map

Vessel size triage, ANCA map, GCA to HSP, 12 vessels · sorting game

Platelets & Hemostasis

Adhesion vs aggregation, BS vs Glanzmann vs vWD triage · animated plug builder

Drugs of the Clotting Cascade

Cascade map, PTT vs PT monitoring, reversal agents · drug target overlays

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

21-OH vs 11-OH vs 17-OH, salt-wasting, virilization, HTN · mnemonic grid

Lumbar Dysfunctions

Lumbar TART, type I/II mechanics

Innominate Shears & Flares

Superior/inferior shear, innominate flares

Innominate Rotations

Anterior/posterior innominate rotation diagnosis and treatment

Counterstrain: Pelvis & Lumbar

Tender point locations, strain-counterstrain technique

Insulinoma & Hypoglycemia

Insulinoma workup, Whipple triad, hypoglycemia causes

Pulm Physiology Hub

V/Q gradient, alveolar cells, airway obstruction physics, pneumoconioses · all four under one roof.

April 25, 2026

Delayed P2, RBBB, pulmonic stenosis · animated phonocardiogram

Paradoxical S2 Split

Delayed A2, LBBB, severe AS · animated split timing diagram

MI ED Meds: MONA-BAH

Mortality drugs vs symptom drugs, aspirin dosing, drug sorting game

Lead I EKG anatomy, axis determination, lateral MI · animated axis compass

Diastolic Rumble

MS, TS, Austin Flint, Graham Steell · split-screen comparison

OTC, CPS I defects, ammonia routing · 5-step relay race pathway builder

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

G6PD deficiency, NADPH, oxidative vs non-oxidative · trigger game

Fatty Acid Synthesis vs Beta-Oxidation

Malonyl-CoA switch, fed vs fasted toggle, cytosol vs mito compartments

Enzymes · Kinetics, Inhibition & the ETC

Km/Vmax, competitive vs non-competitive, ETC poisons · interactive chain

Tumor markers, oncogenes, IHC stains, MEN syndromes, paraneoplastic, psammoma 4 mnemonic.

NEW

April 24, 2026

Prescryption · Neuro

MG, Parkinson's, MS drug cards · neuro pharmacology roguelite deck

Drug and neuro deck selectors · medical roguelite hub

Necrolytic migratory erythema, the 4 D's, alpha-cell tumor · clinical medicine trap on glucagon excess.

Code Gray: The Agitated Patient

De-escalation ladder, B52 cocktail breakdown, capacity criteria, admit/discharge tree

Selective vs non-selective classifier, B1 selectivity breakdown

NEW

April 23, 2026

Actinic Keratosis

Lesion ID game, UV timeline, field cancerization

GH-IGF1 axis, comparison tabs, treatment stepper

Mitral Regurgitation

Phonocardiogram, hemodynamic maneuver tabs, remodeling SVG

Forearm Flexors

FDS vs FDP simulator, Camper's chiasma, nerve matching

Pyloric Stenosis

Metabolic chain builder, elimination game

Coronary SVG, EKG pattern game, treatment stepper

Gland location game, treatment ladder

April 19, 2026

Spotlight Search

Cmd+K to search all 80+ topics. Subject icons, fuzzy scoring, keyboard nav.

April 12, 2026

Interactive nephron map, ototoxicity, calcium trap

Histology battle cards, adult vs pediatric, pseudopalisades

Personality Disorders

Cluster sorting game, defense mechanisms, diagnostic criteria

Hemophilia & Coag Cascade

Cascade diagram, factor X step, mixing studies

Interactive cross-section, putamen vs GP, Charcot-Bouchard

Demographic decision tree, stool guaiac, haptoglobin trap

Animated cascade, JGA hyperplasia, resistant HTN

Interactive vertebral levels, ovarian artery at L2

Medication Adherence

Elimination game, therapeutic alliance, adherence strategies

Interpreter Rules

Decision tree, 2 exceptions, emergency exception for minors

April 8, 2026

Microcytic Anemias

Iron lab interpreter, thalassemia gene deletion counter

Macrocytic & Normocytic Anemias

MCV triage station, complement attack simulator

Platelet Plug Formation & Disorders

3-step platelet assembly line, Bernard-Soulier vs Glanzmann vs vWD vs TTP

Post-MI Complications

Timeline of complications, Dressler's, papillary muscle rupture

Extraocular Muscles

CN III/IV/VI, eye movements, clinical testing

April 7, 2026

Prescryption Card Game

New medical card game → diagnose patients, outsmart The Attending

Cranial Nerve Lesions

Full redesign → battle cards, spacious board traps, new theme

Antidepressants

Battle cards, SS vs NMS comparison, emergency cards

Pregnancy Physiology

New theme, spacious layout, no more accordions

BCC vs SCC vs Melanoma → new theme, elimination game

Adrenal Adenomas

Conn vs Cushing vs Pheo → full redesign

Seizures & Epilepsy

EEG viewer, AED tables, status epilepticus protocol

Demyelinating Diseases

MS vs GBS vs CIDP → decision tree, elimination game

Myasthenia vs Lambert-Eaton → new theme

Movement Disorders

Tremor demos, drug tables, Parkinson's vs essential tremor

Coagulation & Bleeding

Cascade diagram, mixing studies, disease cards

Battle cards, maneuver tables, new theme

Classic Derm Findings

20 pathognomonic findings, matching game, decision tree

Hypersensitivity I-IV

16-disease drag-drop sorting, Type II vs III deep-dive

CSF patterns, age-based organisms, elimination game

Fibular Head Seesaw

Interactive seesaw diagram, muscle energy positioning

Earlier

Screening Tests & Study Design

Sensitivity, specificity, PPV/NPV, study types

Side-by-side comparison, anion gap, management protocols

Thyroid Disorders

Hyper vs hypo, Graves vs Hashimoto's, thyroid storm

Primary Immunodeficiency

B-cell, T-cell, combined, phagocyte, complement deficiencies

Opportunistic Infections

CD4 thresholds, AIDS-defining illnesses, prophylaxis

Catalase, coagulase, hemolysis patterns, toxins

The Big 5 Autoimmune Diseases

SLE, RA, scleroderma, Sjogren's, dermatomyositis

Pre-renal, intrinsic, post-renal; staging, BUN/Cr, FENa

Electrolyte Disorders

Na, K, Ca, Mg, PO4 → causes, EKG changes, management

Nephrotic vs Nephritic

MCD, FSGS, Membranous, IgA, and Post-Strep sorted by biopsy, complement, and timing. Elimination rounds, drag-and-drop sorting, and full clinical vignettes with labs.

Type 1, 2, 4 → pH, K+, urine pH, causes

Vaginitis, cervicitis, PID → wet mount, KOH, treatment

Acid-Base & ABGs

Systematic ABG interpretation, Winter's formula, compensation

Reversibility, PFTs, stepwise therapy, exacerbation management

CAP, HAP, atypical → organisms, imaging, empiric therapy

Complete Library

Every published Bone Wizardry page · 464 total · 25 subjects. (Unlisted drafts live on the private demo board until promoted.)

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Biochemistry 42

ATP Famine Abetalipoproteinemia: MTP, Acanthocytes & Vitamin E Acute Intermittent Porphyria: PBG Deaminase All Amino Acids Amino Acid Catabolism & Liver Enzymes Amino Acids & Biochemistry B Vitamins: Thiamine, Niacin, and Cofactor Deficiencies Beta-Oxidation & Ketogenesis: Fasting Fuel Biochemistry Cell Cycle & Apoptosis: Checkpoints & p53 Cholesterol Synthesis: HMG-CoA Reductase Collagen Synthesis and Disorders Cystic Fibrosis Genetics DNA Replication & Repair: Polymerases & NER Enzyme Kinetics: Km, Vmax & Inhibition Fat-Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K | clinical reference Fatty Acid Synthesis vs Beta-Oxidation Fragile X Syndrome: CGG Repeats & Phenotype Galactose & Fructose Metabolism: Classic Enzyme Defects Gluconeogenesis: The 4 Irreversible Enzymes Glycogen Metabolism: Synthesis & Breakdown Glycogen Storage Diseases: Von Gierke to Pompe Gut Flora & Drug Metabolism: The Microbiome Heme & Iron Disorders Hemoglobin and O2 Dissociation Hemoglobin and O2 Dissociation Curve Lead Poisoning & Porphyrias Low-Energy State Metabolism: The ATP Famine Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Branched-Chain Defect Metabolic Diseases & Starvation Muscle Diseases & Erythropoiesis Niemann-Pick Disease: Sphingomyelinase & Cherry-Red Pentose Phosphate Pathway: NADPH & G6PD Phenylketonuria: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Protein Structure & Function Protein Structure & Sequencing Purine & Pyrimidine Synthesis: Drug Targets Tay-Sachs Disease: Hexosaminidase A, No HSM Thalassemia & Blood Products Trace Minerals Urea Cycle: Ammonia Disposal & OTC Deficiency Vitamins, Minerals & Trace Elements

Biostatistics 4

Bias and Study Design: Name the Flaw (Biostatistics)Biostatistics Medical Interpreter Rules: When & How to Use One Screening Tests: Sensitivity, Specificity & PPV

Cardiology 23

Abdominal Aorta Branches: Levels & Supply Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Antiarrhythmics: Vaughan-Williams Classes I-IV Aortic Dissection Cardiac Hemodynamics: Preload, Afterload & CO Cardiac Myocyte Action Potential Cardiology Cardiomyopathies: Dilated vs Hypertrophic vs Restrictive Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Stasis and Ulcers Diastolic Rumble: Mitral Stenosis Murmur Dyslipidemia and Lipid Management EKG Interpretation: Rate, Rhythm, Axis & Intervals EKG Lead I: Vector from RA to LA Frank-Starling Mechanism: Preload & Contractility Heart Failure: Systolic vs Diastolic, Left vs Right Heart Murmurs: Systolic vs Diastolic Decoded Inferior MI & AV Block: RCA Occlusion MI Emergency Meds: MONA-BAH Decoded Mitral Regurgitation: Holosystolic Murmur Paradoxical S2 Split: Aortic Stenosis & LBBB Post-MI Complications Timeline: Days to Weeks Systolic Murmur Localizer: Where You Hear It, Which Valve Wide S2 Split: Pulmonic Stenosis & RBBB

Dermatology 4

Actinic Keratosis: Premalignant Sandpaper Patch Classic Derm Findings: Signs & Their Diseases Dermatology Skin Cancers: BCC vs SCC vs Melanoma

Endocrinology 16

Acromegaly & Gigantism: GH Excess Workup Adrenal Adenomas: Conn, Cushing & Incidentaloma Adrenal Insufficiency: Addison, Secondary, and Crisis Calcium, PTH & Vitamin D Axis: Hyper vs Hypocalcemia Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 21-Hydroxylase & More DKA vs HHS: Anion Gap, Ketones & Management Endocrine Glucagonoma: Necrolytic Migratory Erythema Insulinoma & Hypoglycemia: Whipple Triad & C-Peptide MEN Syndromes: MEN1 vs MEN2A vs MEN2B Medication Adherence: Barriers & Interventions Osteoporosis Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: VIPoma & Friends Pituitary Tumors, SIADH & Diabetes Insipidus Pseudohypoparathyroidism: The PTH Signal That Never Arrives Thyroid Disorders: Hyper vs Hypothyroidism

GI / Hepatology 100

Abdominal Aorta and Branches Abdominal and Groin Hernias Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders Acid Suppression Physiology Acute Appendicitis Acute Cholecystitis and Biliary Disease Acute Pancreatitis Acute mesenteric ischemia Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease Antacids Anticonstipation Drugs Antidiarrheal Drugs Antiemetics Autoimmune Hepatitis Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer Benign Liver Tumors Bile and Bilirubin Biliary Atresia Bismuth, Sucralfate, and Misoprostol Bowel Volvulus Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Portal Vein Thrombosis Celiac Trunk Anatomy: 3 Branches & Foregut Supply Cholangiocarcinoma Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholangitis Cholelithiasis and Biliary Colic Chronic Pancreatitis and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Chronic mesenteric and colonic ischemia Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension Colon polyps: histology, pathway, and surveillance Colorectal Cancer Molecular Pathways Colorectal Cancer: Find It, Stage It, Treat It Congenital Intestinal Obstruction Crohn's Disease vs Ulcerative Colitis Digestive Tract Anatomy and Histology Diverticular Disease and Diverticulitis Dubin-Johnson Syndrome Esophagitis and Esophageal Injury GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, and Peptic Ulcer Disease Gallstone Ileus Gastritis and Gastric Cancer Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal Blood Supply and Innervation Gastrointestinal Regulatory Substances Gastrointestinal Secretory Products Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar Syndromes H2 Receptor Antagonists Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Hepatic Encephalopathy Hepatitis Serologies Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hereditary polyposis syndromes: gene, polyp, phenotype Hirschsprung Disease Ileus: when the bowel pauses without a blockage Important Gastrointestinal Ligaments Intestinal Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus Intussusception Irritable Bowel Syndrome Jaundice Differential Liver Enzymes and Synthetic Function Liver Metastases and Secondary Tumors Liver Tissue Architecture Locations of Gastrointestinal Secretory Cells Lynch syndrome: from tumor mismatch repair to prevention MASLD and MASH Malabsorption Syndromes Microscopic Colitis Necrotizing enterocolitis Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Normal Gastrointestinal Embryology Octreotide Oral and Salivary Pathologies Orlistat PPI-Associated Hypergastrinemia Pancreas and Spleen Embryology Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic Pseudocyst and Pancreatitis Complications Pancreatic Secretions and Carbohydrate Absorption Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastrointestinal Bleeding Porcelain Gallbladder Portosystemic Anastomoses Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis versus Primary Biliary Cholangitis Proctitis Proton Pump Inhibitors Retroperitoneal Structures Reye Syndrome Secondary Biliary Obstruction and Cirrhosis Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Small-Bowel Obstruction Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Sulfasalazine and 5-Aminosalicylates The Inguinal Canal The Pectinate Line Tracheoesophageal Anomalies Ventral Wall Defects Vitamin and Mineral Absorption Wilson Disease Zenker and Meckel Diverticula Zinc Deficiency

Hematology 18

Anemia Classification: Micro vs Normo vs Macrocytic Anticoagulants: Heparin, Warfarin & DOACs Bleeding Disorders: PT vs PTT Pattern Workup Bleeding and Coagulation Disorder Decoder Cancer Translocations: t(9;22), t(8;14) & More Coagulation Cascade: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Paths Hematology Hemolytic Anemias: Intravascular vs Extravascular Hemophilia A vs B: Factor VIII vs IX & the PTT Hemophilic Arthropathy and Hemarthrosis Iron Deficiency Anemia: Ferritin & Iron Studies Lead Poisoning: Basophilic Stippling & the Heme Block Leukemias: ALL vs AML vs CLL vs CML Macrocytic Anemia: B12 vs Folate & PNH Microcytic Anemia: Iron, Thalassemia & Sideroblastic Multiple Myeloma vs MGUS: CRAB & M-Spike Platelet Disorders: ITP, TTP, HUS & vWD Platelet Plug Formation: Adhesion to Aggregation

Immunology 20

Anaphylaxis Antibody Structure and the Germinal Center Autoantibodies: Disease Associations & Drug-Induced Lupus Complement Deficiencies: HAE, PNH, aHUS and the Neisseria Trap Free Radicals & Oxidative Injury: The Defenses Hypersensitivity Reactions: Types I-IV Decoded Immune Cell Lineage: Hematopoiesis From Stem Cell to Every Immune Cell Immunology Primary Immunodeficiency Sorting Bay: CHING, CGD, LAD, Wiskott, SCID, CVID, Hyper-IgE, Hyper-IgM T-Cell Costimulation, Immune Tolerance & Checkpoints The Complement System: C3b, Factor H and the Cascade The Complement System: C3b, Factor H and the Cascade The Complement System: C3b, Factor H and the Cascade The Complement System: C3b, Factor H and the Cascade The Complement System: C3b, Factor H and the Cascade The Lymphatic System: Organs, Histology and Drainage Transplant Rejection Type I Hypersensitivity Effector Axis Type I Interferons and the Antiviral State Vasculitis: Large, Medium & Small Vessel

Microbiology 13

Animal Farm: The Zoonotic Bacteria You Catch From Animals Botulism: Descending Paralysis & Toxin Mechanism E. coli vs Shigella: Dysentery & Toxins Gram Stain Chart: Bacteria Classification HIV CNS Infections: Crypto, CMV, Toxo, PML HIV Opportunistic Infections: The CD4 Ladder Measles, Mumps, Rubella: The MMR Split Meningitis: CSF Findings by Age & Cause Microbiology Neurosyphilis: Tabes Dorsalis & Argyll Robertson Staph vs Strep: Catalase & Coagulase Decoded TORCH Infections: Congenital Findings by Bug Virus Classification: DNA vs RNA & Structure

MSK / Rheum 14

Artery of the Ligamentum Teres: The Foveal Trap in Femoral Head Supply Autoimmune Diseases: The Big 5 & Antibodies Deep Femoral Artery (Profunda Femoris): The Femoral-Head Trap Erb vs Klumpke: Brachial Plexus Injuries Forearm Flexors & FDS vs FDP Injury Inferior Gluteal Artery: The Femoral-Head AVN Distractor Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery: Femoral Head Blood Supply & AVN Musculoskeletal Rotator Cuff Disease and Subacromial Impingement Deep Dive Scoliosis Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies: The 4 Compared Spondylo Terms: Listhesis, Lysis, Osis & Itis Superior Gluteal Artery: The Hip Abductor Vessel Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Deep Dive

Neurology 64

Abnormal Gait Recognition: Visual Neuro Localizer Acute Ischemic Stroke Management: tPA, Thrombectomy and BP Aphasias: Broca vs Wernicke vs Conduction Arnold-Chiari Malformation: Type I vs II Autonomic Failure: Orthostatic Hypotension Workup Basal Ganglia: Direct vs Indirect Pathway Bell Palsy Blood-Brain Barrier Brain Tumors: Adult vs Pediatric Differentials CNS Embryology: Neural Tube vs Neural Crest CSF Flow Obstruction Cells of the Nervous System Cerebellar Lesions Cerebellar Localization Cerebral Cortex: Brodmann Areas, Lobes, Aphasias & Visual Fields Cervical Roots, Decoded: C5 to T1 Localization Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm: Hypertensive Bleed Conus Medullaris vs Cauda Equina: LP Landmarks Cortical Stroke Syndromes: ACA vs MCA vs PCA Cranial Nerve Lesions: All 12 Localized Dandy-Walker Malformation: Vermis Agenesis Dementia vs Delirium Dementias: Alzheimer vs Lewy vs Frontotemporal Demyelinating Diseases: MS, GBS & Central vs Peripheral Dermatomes: The Tiny Landmark Levels Extraocular Muscles, Visual Fields & Gaze Palsies Extremity Nerves: Lesion to Deficit Guillain-Barre Syndrome Headache Differentials: Migraine, Cluster, Tension Hearing Loss: Weber, Rinne, and Auditory Pathway Hypothalamus Command Center Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Pseudotumor Intracranial Hemorrhages: Epidural vs Subdural vs SAH Lens, Refraction, and Cataracts: Focus the Retina Lenticulostriate Strokes: Lacunar Infarcts Limbic System Memory and Fear Mechanoreceptors: Vibration vs Touch Meningocele vs Myelomeningocele Movement Disorders: Tremor, Chorea, Myoclonus NMJ Disorders: Myasthenia vs Lambert-Eaton Nerve Injury: Seddon Classification Neural Crest Derivatives Neural Tube Defects: Spina Bifida & AFP Neurodegeneration Decoder Neurology Neurology Neurotransmitters: Site, Function, Disease Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Wet, Wacky, Wobbly PICA: Lateral Medullary Syndrome Parkinson Disease: TRAP & Lewy Bodies Parkinsonism: Tremor, Rigidity & Bradykinesia Peripheral Vertigo and BPPV Restless Leg Syndrome: Iron & Dopamine Retina and Macula: Fundus Clues, Emergencies, and Board Patterns Sciatica, Decoded: Which Nerve Root Is It?Seizures & Epilepsy: Focal vs Generalized Spinal Cord Syndromes: Brown-Sequard & More Spinal Stenosis: Neurogenic Claudication Stroke Syndromes: Vascular Territories Mapped Thalamus Relay Room Vertebrobasilar Stroke Syndromes: AICA, PICA, ASA, Basilar Wernicke-Korsakoff: Thiamine Before Glucose Which Nerve Feels That Tooth? Maxillary Dental Innervation Wilson Disease: Copper, Kayser-Fleischer Rings

OMM 32

Brachial Plexus and Upper Extremity Nerve Injuries Cervical Spine OMM: OA, AA & C2-C7 Mechanics Counterstrain Tenderpoints: Pelvis & Lumbar Cranial OMT & Parasympathetics: Vault Hold Cranial Strain Patterns: Reading the Mechanism of Injury Cranial Strain Patterns: SBS Dysfunctions Fascial Subtypes: Why the Joint Capsule Is Deep Fascia Fibular Head Dysfunction: Anterior vs Posterior Fryette's Laws of Spinal Motion: Type I vs Type II Innominate Rotation: Anterior vs Posterior L5 Diagnosis Trainer and Sacral Torsions Low Back Pain: Red Flags & OMT Approach Lower Extremity Nerve Injuries: Sciatic, Peroneal, Femoral Lumbar Dysfunction: Type 1 vs Type 2 Mechanics Lymphatic OMT: Pumps and Pathway Techniques OMM OMM Fundamentals: TART, Barriers & OMT Models Osteopathic Special Tests: Provocative Exam Maneuvers Piriformis Dysfunction: Sciatic Entrapment & OMT Psoas Syndrome and the Opposite-Motion Rule Pubic vs Innominate Shears: Pelvic Landmark Decoder Radial Head Dysfunction: Posterior vs Anterior Rib Dysfunction: Inhalation vs Exhalation, Pump vs Bucket Sacral Diagnosis: Seated Flexion, Sphinx & ILA Sacral Somatic Dysfunction Scoliosis: Curve Naming, Cobb Angle & Rib Hump Soft Tissue OMT: Stretch, Traction & Inhibition Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Spinal Levels Thoracic Counterstrain Tenderpoints Upper and Lower Extremity OMM: Joint Dysfunctions Viscerosomatic Reflexes: Organ-to-Spinal Levels Zink Common Compensatory Pattern: Fascial Diagonals

Pathology 8

Breast and Axilla Masses Cancer Metastasis: Where Each Tumor Lands Cancer Pathology: Hallmarks, Grade & Stage Carcinogenesis: From Initiation to Metastasis Cellular Injury Oncogenes vs Tumor Suppressors: Gain vs Loss Pathology Psammoma Bodies: The 5 Classic Tumors

Pediatrics 11

Bronchiolitis and RSV: Supportive Care and Palivizumab Croup vs Epiglottitis: The Pediatric Airway Showdown Immunization Schedules: Birth to Adolescence Intussusception: Currant Jelly Stool and the Air Enema Kawasaki Disease: Fever, Mucocutaneous Findings and Coronary Aneurysms Neonatal Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia: Timing, Kernicterus and Biliary Atresia Newborn Screening: The 48-Hour Heel Stick One Hot Node: Picking the Right Antibiotic Pediatrics Pediatrics Pyloric Stenosis: Projectile Vomiting & Olive Mass

Pharmacology 25

Adrenergic Receptors: Alpha vs Beta Effects Alpha Blockers: Selective vs Non-Selective Anabolic Steroids Anesthesia Pharmacology: Local Anesthetics & Paralytics Antibiotics: Mechanisms and Coverage by Class Antidiabetic Drugs: Metformin to GLP-1 & SGLT2 Antimetabolites: Methotrexate, 5-FU & Purines Antiviral Drugs: Mechanisms and Interactions Autonomic Nervous System: Wires, Receptors, Organs Beta Blockers: Selective vs Non-Selective Effects Bleomycin: Pulmonary Fibrosis & the Free-Radical Killer Cholinergic Pharmacology: Wet vs Dry Toxidromes Cisplatin Toxicity: Not Bleomycin Cisplatin Toxicity: Not Bleomycin Digoxin: Mechanism, Toxicity, and the ECG Drug-Induced Mental Status Change and Tremor: Board Review Foscarnet Electrolyte Abnormalities General Anesthetics: MAC, Gases, and IV Agents Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Bone Loss Hypothalamic & Pituitary Drugs: Axis Agents Pharmacology Prostate Cancer Drugs: Androgen Axis Blockade Toxidromes and Antidotes: Poison Recognition Tyramine Crisis: MAOI Hypertensive Reaction {{PAGE_TITLE}}

Psychiatry 12

Agitated Patient: De-escalation & Restraint Antidepressants: SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs & MAOIs Antipsychotics & Mood Stabilizers: Effects Anxiety and OCD Disorders Eating Disorders Personality Disorders: Clusters A, B & C Psychiatry Psychiatry Schizophrenia vs Mood Disorders: Timeline & Criteria Somatic Symptom Disorders: Body Signals and Mind Loops Substance Intoxication and Withdrawal Trauma and PTSD Disorders

Pulmonology 14

ARDS: Diffuse Alveolar Damage & Berlin Criteria Acid-Base & ABGs: Read Any Blood Gas Asthma vs COPD: Obstruction Reversibility Centrilobular versus panacinar emphysema Cystic Fibrosis Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Farmer's Lung & Normal IgE Lung Abscess: Aspiration & Air-Fluid Level Lung Cancers: Small Cell vs Non-Small Cell PE & DVT: Virchow Triad to D-dimer & CT Pneumonias Pulmonary Physiology: Volumes, V/Q & Compliance Respiratory Sarcoidosis: Noncaseating Granulomas & Hilar Nodes Tension Pneumothorax

Renal 15

AKI vs CKD: Prerenal, Intrinsic & Postrenal Cystic Kidney Disease & Ciliopathy Proteins Diuretics: Nephron Sites & Electrolyte Toxicity Electrolyte Disorders Electrolyte Disorders: Na, K, Ca & the EKG Electrolyte Emergencies: Crisis Orders Nephrolithiasis Nephrotic vs Nephritic Syndrome: Compared RTA Portal Renal Renal Artery Stenosis & RAAS: Secondary HTN Renal Tubular Acidosis: Type 1, 2 and 4 Decoded Sodium and Osmolality Disorders Ureter Blood Supply & Water-Under-the-Bridge Urinary Tract Infections

Reproductive 14

Androgen Insensitivity vs 5-Alpha-Reductase Bartholin Gland Cyst: Location & Management Cervical Cancer Screening, HPV and Dysplasia Contraception Ectopic Pregnancy GYN Infections Gyn Infections: Vaginitis & PID Decoded Is the Baby Okay? The Fetal Surveillance Ladder Placenta Previa vs Abruptio Placentae Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and HELLP Pregnancy Physiology: Maternal Adaptations Primary Amenorrhea: Workup by Uterus and Breasts Reproductive

Emergency Medicine 1

Emergency Medicine

Ethics 7

Confidentiality, Disclosure, and the Duty to Protect Healthcare Management and Payment Law and Ethics Medical Ethics Principles and Informed Refusal Medical Law and Jurisprudence Palliative and Legal Ethics Ambush: Hospice, Reporting, Abandonment, Blood Refusal Stages of Change Communication

Family Medicine 3

Family Medicine Smoking Cessation Tobacco Control

Internal Medicine 2

Adult Prevention & Screening: Who Gets What & When Internal Medicine

OB / GYN 1

Surgery 1

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